Alstrupwestermann4568

To explore the ways in which people talk about knee osteoarthritis and how this may influence engagement in physical activity and activity-based interventions as recommended by clinical practice guidelines.

A qualitative synthesis using discourse analysis methods.

Systematic review methods were used to identify qualitative studies exploring the perceptions of people with knee osteoarthritis, their carers, and/or clinicians. Methodological quality was evaluated through the use of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Raw quotes extracted from each study were analyzed with inductive discourse analysis.

A search of five electronic databases from inception until August 2019 yielded 778 articles. Sixty-two articles from 56 studies were included, reporting data (1,673 direct quotes) from people with knee osteoarthritis, carers, and clinicians in 16 countries. Two overarching discourses were identified-impairment and participation. The overarching impairment discourse prevailed in all participant groups arepair joint damage. Consistent with recommendations in clinical practice guidelines, a participatory discourse may provide an alternative way of communicating that may encourage people with knee osteoarthritis to continue to engage in physical activity by focusing on what they can do, rather than what they cannot do.Adaptive introgression-the flow of adaptive genetic variation between species or populations-has attracted significant interest in recent years and it has been implicated in a number of cases of adaptation, from pesticide resistance and immunity, to local adaptation. Despite this, methods for identification of adaptive introgression from population genomic data are lacking. Here, we present Ancestry_HMM-S, a hidden Markov model-based method for identifying genes undergoing adaptive introgression and quantifying the strength of selection acting on them. Through extensive validation, we show that this method performs well on moderately sized data sets for realistic population and selection parameters. We apply Ancestry_HMM-S to a data set of an admixed Drosophila melanogaster population from South Africa and we identify 17 loci which show signatures of adaptive introgression, four of which have previously been shown to confer resistance to insecticides. Ancestry_HMM-S provides a powerful method for inferring adaptive introgression in data sets that are typically collected when studying admixed populations. This method will enable powerful insights into the genetic consequences of admixture across diverse populations. Ancestry_HMM-S can be downloaded from https//github.com/jesvedberg/Ancestry_HMM-S/.

To prospectively examine associations between smoking and nicotine abstinence and pain trajectory over 12-months among smokers with low, moderate, and severe pain, and to assess whether these associations differ over time.

A secondary analysis of the "Proactive Outreach for Smokers in VA Mental Health" study; a randomized controlled trial of proactive outreach for veteran smokers engaged in VA mental health care.

Participants were categorized into "low" (n = 616), "moderate" (n = 479), and "severe" pain (n = 656) groups according to baseline pain score. Associations between self-reported abstinence from smoking and nicotine at 6- and 12-months and pain trajectory, measured using the PEG scale (Pain intensity, Enjoyment of life, General activity) composite score, were assessed using general linear mixed models. Interaction tests assessed whether these associations differed at 6- and 12-months. Analyses were conducted within the overall sample and within the separate pain groups.

There were significant interactions in the overall sample and the low and moderate pain groups, such that 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence was associated with lower pain scores at 6- but not 12-months. In the severe pain group, 7-day abstinence from both smoking and nicotine was associated with lower pain scores across both time points. Six-month prolonged abstinence was not associated with pain scores.

In this prospective analysis conducted among veteran smokers engaged in mental health services, 7-day abstinence from smoking and nicotine was associated with significantly lower levels of pain. selleck chemical Education efforts could help better inform smokers on the relationship between smoking and pain.

In this prospective analysis conducted among veteran smokers engaged in mental health services, 7-day abstinence from smoking and nicotine was associated with significantly lower levels of pain. Education efforts could help better inform smokers on the relationship between smoking and pain.

Adherence to pain medication in patients with cancer is crucial for successful pain therapy. This review aimed to investigate the rate of adherence, which factors influence adherence, whether adherence differs in diverse patient populations, whether there are methods to improve adherence, and the relationship between adherence and pain relief.

This review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE/Pubmed, Embase, Web Of Science, Cochrane and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched. All types of studies investigating adherence of patients with cancer, factors influencing adherence, and methods to improve adherence to pain medication were included. They were first screened on title and abstract and thereafter on full text. Selected articles were subjected to a quality assessment according to the PRISMA checklist. From included articles, study characteristics and outcomes were extracted.

Out of 795 articles, 18 were included. Different methods were used to measure adherence, which led to adherence rates ranging from 8.9% to 82.0%. White Americans and men were found to be more adherent than African Americans and women. Due to various barriers, adherence is often suboptimal. Fear of addiction, physiological and harmful effects, tolerance, and disease progression are common concerns. Interventions, such as pain education booklets, pain consults, and specialised nurses, may be beneficial to increase the adherence. Lower adherence rates were associated with lower pain relief.

Adherence of cancer patients to pain medication is suboptimal. Health care workers should focus on barriers to increase the adherence in order to obtain a better pain relief.

Adherence of cancer patients to pain medication is suboptimal. Health care workers should focus on barriers to increase the adherence in order to obtain a better pain relief.