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rsuing the behavioral therapy for migraine when covered by insurance. Other factors including education, employment, and headache days were not predictors. CONCLUSION People with migraine prefer in-person and smartphone-based behavioral therapy to telephone-based behavioral therapy. Migraine-related disability is associated with likelihood to pursue the behavioral therapy (independent of type of delivery of the behavioral therapy-in-person, telephone based or smartphone based). However, participants were not very likely to pay for the behavioral therapy. © 2020 American Headache Society.We compared the extent to which the long-term influence of family socioeconomic status (SES) on children's school performance from age 7 through 16 years was mediated by their preschool verbal and nonverbal ability. In 661 British children, who completed 17 researcher-administered ability tests at age 4.5 years, SES correlated more strongly with verbal than nonverbal ability (.39 vs. selleck inhibitor .26). Verbal ability mediated about half of the association between SES and school performance at age 7, while nonverbal ability accounted for a third of the link. Only SES, but not verbal or nonverbal ability, was associated with changes in school performance from age 7 to 16. We found that SES-related differences in school performance are only partly transmitted through children's preschool verbal abilities. © 2020 The Authors. Child Development published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society for Research in Child Development.PURPOSE Stem cell factor receptor (c-kit) plays a crucial role in regulating proliferation and survival of germ cells. The aim of this study was to find the correlation between the number of c-kit positive germ cells, testicular asymmetry and histological grade in varicocele affected testis samples of adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty testicular biopsy samples of adolescents affected by varicocele and eight normal control testes were included. The relationship between percentage of testicular asymmetry, number of tubular c-kit positive germ cells  and severity of spermatogenic failure was assessed by Spearman correlation test. The results of each group were compared by Mann-Whitney-U test. A p less then .05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The mean (SD) histological grade for  spermatogenic failure in controls was 1.37(0.52), median 1, while in the varicocele group, it was 2.70(1.08), median 3 (p= .0052). Mean(SD) number c-kit positive germ cells in the control group were 20.1(2.varicocele.PURPOSE The protective effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on kidney transplantation has not been established. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the potential influence of rHuEPO on transplanted kidneys. MATERIALS AND METHODS To identify relevant studies, we searched electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Ovid, the Cochrane Library, and major nephrology journals) from inception until June 15, 2018. Two independent reviewers assessed study quality. The systematic review and meta-analysis were performed with fixed- or random-effects models according to heterogeneity, and results are expressed as risk ratios (RR) or weighted mean differences. RESULTS Six randomized controlled trials with a total of 435 patients met the inclusion criteria. rHuEPO, compared with placebo, had no statistically significant effect on delayed graft function (RR = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] , 0.73 to 1.07; P = 0.22) and slow graft function (RR = 0.93, 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.43; P = 0.73). The rHuEPO and control groups did not differ in thromboembolic events, mortality, acute rejection, and blood transfusion. A significant difference was found in long-term estimated glomerular filtration rate (RR = 3.65, 95% CI, -4.45 to 11.75; P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our findings suggests that rHuEPO has a limited nephroprotective effect in patients undergoing kidney transplantation and does not increase the susceptibility to adverse events.PURPOSE To assess the cost-effectiveness of medical expulsive therapy (MET) versus observation for large distal ureteral stones in China and provide preliminary evidence for the determination of the course of MET by mathematical estimation. MATERIALS AND METHODS With linear success rate assumptions, a decision tree was constructed by TreeAge Pro 2011 software. The stones passage rates after observation or receiving 0.4 mg daily tamsulosin were estimated according to a large randomized clinical trial (RCT). The costs of ureteroscopy, drugs and examinations were estimated according to related price from pharmacies or hospitals, or the guidance price published by the government. MET was also compared with observation by the sensitivity analysis. The effectiveness of MET or observation was presented by quality-adjusted life-day. Mathematical estimation of stone expulsion time was made by using a decision-analytic Markov model under the assumption that the daily stone expulsion probability is constant. RESULTS In China, the MET was associated with a $295.1 cost advantage over observation. The cost of ureteroscopy has to decrease to $77.8 to reach cost equivalence between observation and MET. Observation is cost-effective only if ureteroscopy is very cheap or the difference of stone expulsion rates is insignificant. The estimated expulsion time was much longer than those reported in above mentioned RCT. CONCLUSION Due to the high cost of ureteroscopy, MET showed a cost advantage over observation in treating distal ureteral stones in China. The daily stone passage rate was inconstant. More studies are needed to find the appropriate duration of MET.PURPOSE To evaluate the association between inflammation in prostatic tissue/serum sample and BPH-LUTSPatients and methods The prostatic tissue and serum sample were collected from 183 patients who underwent transurethral plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (TUPKRP).  The association between inflammation detected on prostatic tissues/ serum sample and LUTS related parameters, including International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and peak flow rate (Qmax) were analyzed with SPSS version 13.0, and P-value less then 0.05 was chosen as the criterion for statistical significance. RESULTS There was a positive association between prostate tissue inflammation and LUTS. The differences of IPSS, VSS and SSS were seen with the increasing in grade of prostate tissue inflammation (P less then .001; .001; =.014, respectively). Qmax and IPSS 12months after surgery were better in no inflammation group (P=.016; .031).Logistic regression analysis revealed a statistically association between the NEUT%?NLR and prostate tissue inflammation (P=.