Allenralston7216

Greater cumulative maltreatment predicted poorer EF (B=-0.15), and emotional neglect emerged as a unique predictor of EF (B=-0.18). These results remained after controlling for psychopathology symptoms. Gender moderated the relationship between physical abuse and EF, with physical abuse predicting poorer EF among males (B=0.30), but not females (B=-0.04).

Overall, results indicate that general EF deficits are related to a history of childhood maltreatment, which is not accounted for by internalizing psychopathology symptoms. Potential implications and future directions are discussed.

Overall, results indicate that general EF deficits are related to a history of childhood maltreatment, which is not accounted for by internalizing psychopathology symptoms. Potential implications and future directions are discussed.

Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric disorder associated with prolonged hospital stays, and increased morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis is frequently missed due to varying disease presentation and lack of standardized testing. We examined biomarkers as diagnostic or prognostic indicators of delirium, and provide a rational basis for future studies.

Systematic review of literature published between Jan 2000 and June 2019. Searches included PubMed; Web of Science; CINAHL; EMBASE; COCHRANE and Medline. Additional studies were identified by searching bibliographies of eligible articles.

2082 relevant papers were identified from all sources. Seventy-three met the inclusion criteria, all of which were observational. These assessed a range of fourteen biomarkers. All papers included were in the English language. Assessment methods varied between studies, including DSM criteria; Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) or CAM-Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Delirium severity was measured using the Delirium Rating Scale (nd more clarity may arise from standardization of methods of clinical assessment. Adjusting for comorbidities may improve understanding of the pathophysiology of delirium, in particular the role of confounders such as inflammation, cognitive disorders and surgical trauma. Future research may also benefit from inclusion of other diagnostic modalities such as EEG as well as analysis of genetic or epigenetic factors.

To evaluate the degree of neuroaxonal injury in Japanese multiple sclerosis (MS) patients using serum neurofilament light (sNfL) and to investigate the relationship of sNFL with the degree of brain volume.

sNfL levels in 82 consecutive Japanese MS patients in remission were cross-sectionally evaluated using a single molecule array assay. Within this sample, cross-sectional volumetric brain MRI data was evaluated in 80 patients, and longitudinal data was evaluated in 63 patients.

MS patients (female/male=61/21), including those with relapsing-remitting MS (82%), secondary progressive MS (17%), and primary progressive MS (1%), were studied. The mean age of the patients was 41.2±8.7years, and 77 of the MS patients (94%) were treated with disease-modifying therapy (DMT). Their median sNfL level was 7.985 (IQR, 5.959-10.9), and their sNfL levels were significantly correlated with their grey matter volume and their age. A standard least squares regression model revealed that approximately 57% of the variation in grey matter volume could be explained by a regression equation using three explanatory variables sNfL concentration, age, and sex. Moreover, the sNfL level multiplied by disease duration was significantly correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores and whole and grey matter volumes.

Although neuroaxonal injury appeared to be mild in our Japanese MS patients, their sNfL levels significantly reflected grey matter volume. Moreover, when multiplied by the disease duration, sNfL can reflect disability and brain volume.

Although neuroaxonal injury appeared to be mild in our Japanese MS patients, their sNfL levels significantly reflected grey matter volume. Moreover, when multiplied by the disease duration, sNfL can reflect disability and brain volume.

Carotid webs (CaW) may be an under-recognized cause of anterior circulation cryptogenic ischemic stroke (ACIS). Prevalence is still unknown in European patients with ACIS.

To evaluate the prevalence of CaW in ACIS and describe patients with CaW phenotype in a cohort of patients from a French stroke center.

We conducted a retrospective monocentric cohort study from 01/01/2015 to 31/12/2019 (Montpellier University Hospital, France), in consecutive anterior ischemic stroke (AIS) patients ≤65years old from a prospective stroke database. Using ASCOD phenotyping, ACIS patients were selected and cervical CTA were reviewed to find CaW.

Among 1053 consecutive AIS patients, 266 ACIS patients with CTA were included. Among patients included (mean age 50, women 58%), CaW was in the ipsilateral carotid (iCaW) in 21 patients 7.9% (95%CI [4.6-11.1]), (mean age 51, 11 women, 16 Caucasian). iCaW were uncovered during study review of CTA in 6/21 (29%) patients. Comparison between patients with iCaW and those without iCaW showed no differences except that of a higher rate of intracranial large vessel occlusion (LVO) (62.4 vs 37.6%; p=0.03). Patients with iCaW under conservative medical therapy had an annualized stroke recurrence rate (SRR) of 11.4% (95%CI [8.4-15.1].

iCaW was identified as a source of stroke in about 8% of a French population ≤65years with ACIS. iCaW was associated with a higher rate of LVO and a high SRR under conservative medical therapy.

iCaW was identified as a source of stroke in about 8% of a French population ≤65 years with ACIS. iCaW was associated with a higher rate of LVO and a high SRR under conservative medical therapy.The aquatic environment receives a wide variety of contaminants that interact with each other, influencing their mutual toxicity. Therefore, studies of mixtures are needed to fully understand their deleterious effects on aquatic organisms. In the present experiment, we aimed to assess the effects of Cd and Zn mixtures in common carp during a one-week exposure. The used nominal waterborne metal levels were 0.02, 0.05 and 0.10 µM for Cd and 3, 7.5 and 15 µM for Zn. Our results showed on the one hand a fast Cd increase and on the other hand a delayed Zn accumulation. In the mixture scenario an inhibition of Cd accumulation due to Zn was marked in the liver but temporary in the gills. For Zn, the delayed accumulation gives an indication of the efficient homeostasis of this essential metal. Between the different mixtures, a stimulation of Zn accumulation by Cd rather than an inhibition was seen in the highest metal mixtures. However, when compared to an earlier single Zn exposure, a reduced Zn accumulation was observed. Metallothionein gene expression was quickly activated in the analysed tissues suggesting that the organism promptly responded to the stressful situation. Finally, the metal mixture did not alter tissue electrolyte levels.The nutritional composition of diets and the provision of exogenous enzymes play important roles in animal performance. Here, we evaluated the individual and combined impact of nutrients (metabolizable energy (ME), digestible lysine (dLys), available phosphorus and calcium (avP-Ca)) and exogenous multicarbohydrase and phytase complex (MCPC) enyzmes on the growth performance and feed efficiency of broiler chickens from 10 to 42 days (d) of age. Experimental diets were formulated in a Box-Behnken design to contain various levels of ME (11.89, 12.21, 12.54 or 13.06 MJ/kg), dLys (0.91%, 0.93%, 0.96% or 1.00%) and avP/Ca (0.12/0.47%, 0.21/0.58% or 0.33/0.68%). The effect of MCPC was expressed in terms of the extra nutrients released. The diets were formulated to have consistent substrate contents (i.e., arabinoxylan and phytate). Feed intake (FI), BW gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were described via polynomial equations (R2 = 0.99, 0.98 and 0.81, respectively), with interconnections between variables (g MCPC allowed the reduction of ME, dLys and avP-Ca in the diet without affecting performance. Indeed, MCPC's effect promoted with the release of the following nutrients 0.56 MJ ME/kg, 0.06% dLys, and 0.15% and 0.13% avP and Ca, respectively. The results indicate nutrient effect and interaction on performance and feed additive potential for nutrient release.We aim to review the new modifications in MR imaging technique, image interpretation, lexicon, and scoring system of the last version of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS v2.1) in a simple and practical way. This last version of PI-RADS v2.1 describes the new technical modifications in the protocol of Multiparametric MRI (MpMRI) including T2, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) parameters. It includes also; new guidelines in the image interpretation specifications in new locations (lesions located in the central zone and anterior fibromuscular stroma), clarification of T2 scoring of lesions of the transition zone, the distinction between DWI score 2 and 3 lesions in the transition zone and peripheral zone, as well as between positive and negative enhancement in DCE. Biparametric MRI (BpMRI) along with simplified PI-RADS is gaining more acceptances in the assessment of clinically significant prostatic cancer.Multidisciplinary approaches are essential to diligently assess environmental health status of ecosystems. In this study, year-round chemical elements' exposure and impacts were assessed on the wide-ranging Cory's shearwater Calonectris borealis breeding in Berlenga Island, offshore Portugal, North Atlantic Ocean. The aim was to identify potential contamination and oxidative stress sources associated with trophic ecology, habitat and spatial use, and foraging patterns. A set of 20 chemical elements were quantified, along with oxidative stress biomarkers, stable isotope analyses, and GPS tracking data. Birds presented higher accumulation to some non-essential elements along the year (i.e. arsenic, As; cadmium, Cd; mercury, Hg; lead, Pb; and strontium, Sr), in which concentrations were similar or surpassed other procellariform seabird populations all over the world. No significant differences were found for any of the elements between different periods within the breeding season, with exception of Hg. However, a Principal Component Analysis taking into consideration a group of elements showed differences between pre-laying and chick-rearing periods, with overall higher concentrations in the former. Individuals spending more time engaging in an intensive search for food, and in more coastal environments, presented overall higher element concentrations, and particularly Hg. Contrary to expectations, no relationships were found between chemical elements and oxidative stress. On the other hand, spatial use and foraging patterns of Cory's shearwaters influenced their oxidative stress responses. Our results highlight the need for multidisciplinary approaches to deepen understanding of the large-scale vulnerability of bioindicators such as seabirds and, by extension, the overall environmental health of ecosystems in which they rely.Plastics in the oceans can break up into smaller size and shape resembling prey or particles selected for ingestion by marine organisms. Plastic polymers may contain chemical additives and contaminants, including known endocrine disruptors that may be harmful for the marine organisms, in turn posing potential risks to marine ecosystems, biodiversity and food availability. This study assesses the presence of plastics in the contents of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of a commercial fish species, the Atlantic horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus, sampled from two different fishing areas of central Mediterranean Sea. Adverse effect of plastics occurrence on T. VTX-27 concentration Trachurus health were also assessed quantifying the liver expression of vitellogenin (VTG), a biomarker for endocrine disruption. A total of 92 specimens were collected and morphometric indices were analysed. A subgroup was examined for microplastics (MP 1 cm) accumulation in the GIT and for VTG expression. Results indicated that specimens from the two locations are different in size and maturity but the ingestion of plastic is widespread, with microplastics (fragments and filaments) abundantly present in nearly all samples while macroplastics were found in the larger specimens, collected in one of the two locations.