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Conclusion mRNA processing and several biological terms including hypoxia and oxidative stress, apoptosis, regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization, and differentiation of micro tubes were introduced as dysregulated terms under HFM condition. ©2019 RIGLD.Aim This study aimed to screen the common genes between celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus to find critical ones. Background Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder which is correlated to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in several molecular pathways. Understanding the clear common molecular mechanism of both diseases is of interest to scientists. Methods The related genes to the CD and T1DM were obtained from disease query of STRING and included in two separated PPI networks by Cytoscape software version 3.7.1. The networks were analyzed by network analyzer and the hub nodes were determined. The common hubs between the two networks were selected for further analysis and enriched via gene ontology using ClueGO plugin of Cytoscape software. Also, an action map was provided by Cluepedia application of Cytoscape software. Results Two separated networks of 2000 and 430 genes were constructed related to T1DM and CD, respectively. A total of 84 and 28 hubs were determined for T1DM and CD, respectively. There were 11 common hubs between the two networks. The first top hubs of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and CD networks were insulin (INS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), respectively. Also, 77 biological terms and pathways (in five clusters) were related to the common hubs. Action map revealed a close relationship between hubs. Conclusion The result of this study indicated that TNF is key mediator of immune reactions in celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus. ©2019 RIGLD.Aim The present study aimed to evaluate the association between serum levels of interleukin IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 genes as well as interferon (IFN)-γ and the risk of celiac disease (CD). Background The role of serum cytokine levels in the pathophysiology of CD is still an open field to be explored. click here Methods This case-control study was performed on 110 patients with CD and 46 healthy controls referring to Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Expression levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-γ were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results The Bayesian intervention odds ratio (OR) and Highest Posterior Density (HPD) interval were 1.133 (95% credible interval 1.018- 1.269), 0.947 (95% credible interval 0.898 - 0.996) and 1.004 (95% credible interval 1.001- 1.009) for IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 respectively. Conclusion The serum level of IFN-γ has no effect on the risk of CD, but given the OR and the HPD interval obtained for serum levels of IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8, with one unit increase in IL-1 serum, the risk of CD grows by 1.13 times while one unit increase in IL-6 serum reduces the risk of CD by 15%. Finally, regarding IL-8, the risk of CD increases by 0.004 times with a unit increase in IL-8 serum. ©2019 RIGLD.Aim The aim of this study is to explore the expression of genes associated to celiac disease (CD) in the target tissue and peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) or serum to introduce possible potential biomarkers. Background Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease induced by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals. Despite technological progress, small intestine biopsy is still the gold standard for diagnosis of CD. Methods CD data were collected from public databases (proteomics and microarray-based techniques documents). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PBMC or serum as well as small intestinal biopsies from celiac patients compared to normal were collected and analyzed to introduce common individuals. Gene ontology was done to identify the involved biological terms. Results Among 598 CD genes in biopsies and 260 genes in PBMC or serum, 32 common genes with a similar expression pattern in both sources were identified. A total of 48 biological terms were introduced which were involved in the CD via the determined DEGs. "Cytokine activity" was the most expanded one of the biological terms. Conclusion In this analysis, it was concluded that 32 potential biomarkers of CD can be assessed by complementary research to introduce effective and available biomarkers in biopsy and blood. ©2019 RIGLD.Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the factors associated with functional constipation (FC) and to determine a normal range of bowel movement (BM) in an Iranian Auto factory's workers. Background The digestive system may be affected by workplace conditions. Some occupational conditions can affect the bowel habit and FC. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 3590 workers who worked in Tehran suburb in 2017 were evaluated. The workers worked in morning or rotatory shifts and in the official and non-official sections. In addition to demographic and stool frequency questions, workers were asked to complete the Rome IV Questionnaire. Results The normal range of BM frequency was determined between one and three per day. The BM frequency had a significant association with age (P=0.002), marital status (P=0.024), education (P=0.011), exposure to chemical materials (P less then 0.001), and work section (P less then 0.001). The total prevalence of FC was 9.7% which was greater among rotatory shift working than among only morning shift workers (10% vs 6%; P=0.02). Independent factors associated with FC were found as age (for 30- 40 years old OR=1.88; 95% CI (1.20, 3.03) and for ≥41 years old OR=1.91; 95% CI (1.12,3.17)), smoking (OR=1.52; 95% CI (1.20,1.93)) and work section (for Paint section OR=0.33; 95% CI (0.12,0.87), for montage section OR=0.44; 95% CI (0.18,1.10), for press & platform section OR=0.12; 95% CI (0.05,0.37)). Conclusion Occupational condition may make a difference in bowel habit. Rotatory shift, official working, and smoking may increase the risk of constipation. ©2019 RIGLD.Aim In the present study, two main variants of ATG16L1 gene, rs2241880 T300A and rs2241879 C/T, were evaluated in IBD patients as well as in remission and flareup phase across an Iranian population for the first time. Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has found increasing global incidence and prevalence in recent years especially among pediatrics. ATG16L1 is the major gene that regulates autophagy pathway. The autophagy pathway also affects dysbiosis. Methods Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples following salting out extraction method. The genotypes of ATG16L1 polymorphisms rs2241880 T300A and rs2241879 C/T were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results In this case control study, a total of 101 IBD patients (75 ulcerative colitis (UC) and 26 Crohn's disease (CD)) and 99 healthy controls were evaluated. In the present study, a significant association was found between rs2241879 single nucleotide polymorphism on ATG16L1 gene and increased risk of IBD among an Iranian population (P=0.