Alifisher8236

041 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.010, 0.073; P < 0.001). AUC for HM (0.77 [95% CI = 0.71-0.83]) performed better (P = 0.02) with the PRS compared with a model without (0.72 [95% CI = 0.65, 0.78]). Children at the top 25% PRS risk had a 2.34-fold-greater risk of HM (95% CI = 1.53, 3.55; P < 0.001).

The new Asian PRS improved the predictive performance to detect children at risk of HM.

Clinicians may use the PRS with other predictive factors to identify high risk children and guide interventions to reduce the risk of HM later in life.

Clinicians may use the PRS with other predictive factors to identify high risk children and guide interventions to reduce the risk of HM later in life.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether laser irradiation, used to activate an adhesive for sealing penetrating corneal incisions, causes any ophthalmoscopically or histologically visible retinal changes.

Baseline fundus assessment was conducted prior to laser irradiation of eyes of pigmented Dutch Belted rabbits. Treatment group was 18 eyes with the corneal adhesive activated in situ by a near infrared laser (125 mW for 45 seconds). The positive control group was 18 eyes, each irradiated for 60 seconds at 375, 500, 625, and 750 mW at different retinal locations. 3Deazaadenosine Unexposed regions of the retina were used as negative internal control. Ophthalmoscopic assessment was conducted immediately after laser exposure and prior to euthanasia. Retinas were histologically assessed at 0, 3, 72, and 168 hours after treatment.

No ophthalmoscopically or histologically visible retinal changes were observed in the treatment group immediately, nor up to 168 hours after laser irradiation. In the positive control group, the incidences of ophthalmoscopically visible retinal lesions increased with irradiation power 5.6% at 375 mW, 16.7% at 500 mW, 44.4% at 625 mW, and 50% at 750 mW. Histologically, retinal damage was observed as coagulative necrosis to all layers of the neural retina, including the retinal pigment epithelium.

The laser irradiation process used in the corneal adhesive technology did not cause any ophthalmoscopically or histologically visible retinal changes in the in vivo pigmented rabbit model. Prolonged exposure with this laser and at higher power can cause coagulative necrosis to the retina.

The corneal adhesive can be applied in humans without causing laser retinal damage.

The corneal adhesive can be applied in humans without causing laser retinal damage.

To assess the links between discomfort glare sensitivity and physiological factors such as eye biometry, refraction, skin phototype, age, and gender among a large sample of healthy human subjects.

A total of 489 participants who were 20 to 70 years old (241 men, 248 women) underwent discomfort glare threshold measurements via the LUMIZ 100. Eye biometry and optical quality were measured using a Zeiss IOLMaster 700 biometer and i.Profiler aberrometer. Iris color, skin tone, age, gender, eyeglasses use, chronotype, fatigue level, self-evaluation of light sensitivity, and time spent outdoors were determined. Statistical analysis was carried out using nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests for categorical data and correlation coefficients for numerical data.

The female subgroup had lower discomfort thresholds than the males (P < 0.001). There was no effect of age group, ametropia, eye biometry, iris color, skin tones, chronotype, or fatigue level on discomfort thresholds. Discomfort thresholcomfort thresholds in order to better manage light sensitivity in clinical care.

Telemedicine-enabled, portable digital slit lamps can help to decentralize screening to close-to-patient contexts. We report a novel design for a portable, digital slit lamp using a smartphone. It works on an advanced optical design and has the capability of instantaneous, objective photodocumentation to capture anterior segment images and is telemedicine-enabled.

The device is constructed keeping its usability and the importance of design ergonomics for nonspecialized field personnel in mind. The optical design is described, and the resolution and magnification are compared with traditional desktop-based slit lamps. A Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant, patient management software is integrated to synchronize the captured images with a secure cloud server along with a sharpness algorithm to extract the best focused frames of the cornea, iris, and lens, from videos. We demonstrate its photodocumentation ability and teleophthalmology feasibility by capturing images in a ptions, facilitating mass screening programs.

The safety and efficacy of leadless VVI pacemakers have been demonstrated in multiple clinical trials, but the comparative performance of the device in a large, real-world population has not been examined.

To compare patient characteristics and complications among patients implanted with leadless VVI and transvenous VVI pacemakers.

The Longitudinal Coverage With Evidence Development Study on Micra Leadless Pacemakers (Micra CED) is a continuously enrolling observational cohort study evaluating complications, utilization, and outcomes of leadless VVI pacemakers in the US Medicare fee-for-service population. Patients implanted between March 9, 2017, and December 1, 2018, were identified and included. All Medicare patients implanted with leadless VVI and transvenous VVI pacemakers during the study period were enrolled. Patients with less than 12 months of continuous enrollment in Medicare prior to leadless VVI or transvenous VVI implant and with evidence of a prior cardiovascular implantable electronic deving the benefits and risks associated with leadless VVI pacemakers compared with transvenous VVI pacemakers can help clinicians and patients make informed treatment decisions.

In this study, despite significant differences in patient characteristics, patients in whom a leadless pacemaker was implanted were observed to have higher rates of pericardial effusion and/or perforation but lower rates of other device-related complications and requirements for device revision at 6 months. Understanding the benefits and risks associated with leadless VVI pacemakers compared with transvenous VVI pacemakers can help clinicians and patients make informed treatment decisions.

Colorectal strictures have been considered independent risk factors for neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We examined the association between colorectal stricture and subsequent risk of colorectal neoplasia (CRN) in patients with IBD colitis undergoing colonoscopic surveillance.

We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with IBD colitis enrolled in colonoscopic surveillance for CRN at an academic medical center between 2005 and 2017. Inclusion criteria were IBD involving the colon for ≥8 years (or any duration with primary sclerosing cholangitis [PSC]) undergoing surveillance. Exclusion criteria were advanced CRN (ACRN; colorectal cancer [CRC] or high-grade dysplasia [HGD]) prior to or at enrollment, prior colectomy, or limited (<30%) disease extent or proctitis. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression analysis estimated the association between colorectal stricture on the index colonoscopy and ACRN, CRN (indefinite dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia, HGD, CRC), oulticenter, prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings, particularly in patients with ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal stricture.

The familial aspect of acute appendicitis (AA) has been proposed, but its hereditary basis remains undetermined.

To identify genomic variants associated with AA.

This genome-wide association study, conducted from June 21, 2019, to February 4, 2020, used a multi-institutional biobank to retrospectively identify patients with AA across 8 single-nucleotide variation (SNV) genotyping batches. The study also examined differential gene expression in appendiceal tissue samples between patients with AA and controls using the GSE9579 data set in the National Institutes of Health's Gene Expression Omnibus repository. Statistical analysis was conducted from October 1, 2019, to February 4, 2020.

Single-nucleotide variations with a minor allele frequency of 5% or higher were tested for association with AA using a linear mixed model. The significance threshold was set at P = 5 × 10-8.

A total of 29 706 patients (15 088 women [50.8%]; mean [SD] age at enrollment, 60.1 [17.0] years) were included, 1743 of whom had edd4l activity may be implicated in the pathogenesis of AA. These findings can improve the understanding of the genetic predisposition to and pathogenesis of AA.

Acne often persists into adulthood in women. However, few studies have specifically explored the lived experience of acne in adult populations.

To examine the lived experience of acne and its treatment among a cohort of adult women.

A qualitative analysis was conducted from free listing and open-ended, semistructured interviews of patients at a large academic health care system (University of Pennsylvania Health System) and a private practice (Dermatologists of Southwest Ohio). Fifty women 18 to 40 years of age with moderate to severe acne participated in interviews conducted between August 30, 2019, and December 31, 2020.

Free-listing data from interviews were used to calculate the Smith S, a measure of saliency for each list item. Semistructured interviews were examined to detect themes about patient perspectives regarding their acne and its treatment.

Fifty participants (mean [SD] age, 28 [5.38] years; 24 [48%] White) described acne-related concerns about their appearance that affected their sociotional health consequences and disruption of their personal and professional lives. In addition, many patients describe challenges finding effective treatments and accessing care. Future trials to understand the optimal treatment approaches for women with acne are needed to improve outcomes in this population.

Mistreatment is a common experience among surgical residents and is associated with burnout. Women have been found to experience mistreatment at higher rates than men. Further characterization of surgical residents' experiences with gender discrimination and sexual harassment may inform solutions.

To describe the types, sources, and factors associated with (1) discrimination based on gender, gender identity, or sexual orientation and (2) sexual harassment experienced by residents in general surgery programs across the US.

This cross-sectional national survey study was conducted after the 2019 American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE). The survey asked respondents about their experiences with gender discrimination and sexual harassment during the academic year starting July 1, 2018, through the testing date in January 2019. All clinical residents enrolled in general surgery programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education were eligible.

Specific types, so 1 OR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.40-2.24] among female residents; 1.31 [95% CI, 1.01-1.70] among male residents).

In this study, gender discrimination and sexual harassment were common experiences among surgical residents and were frequently reported by women. These phenomena warrant multifaceted context-specific strategies for improvement.

In this study, gender discrimination and sexual harassment were common experiences among surgical residents and were frequently reported by women. These phenomena warrant multifaceted context-specific strategies for improvement.