Alexandersensuarez1690

Closed-head trauma is a well-recognized etiology of acquired superior oblique (SO) palsy. However, combined SO palsy and ipsilateral Brown's syndrome after a closed-head trauma is rare. We describe a patient with this ocular motility disorder and conduct a brief review of the literature.Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is an outer retinal disorder characterized by the acute loss of visual functions. Herein, we report a case of AZOOR presenting features mimicking optic neuritis. A 17-year-old healthy male reported fogginess in the right eye for 2 weeks. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Results of a color vision test and pupillary reaction were unremarkable. Funduscopic examination revealed a subtle hyperemic disc surrounded by hyperpigmentation in the right eye. Visual field examination confirmed an enlarged blind spot in the affected eye. Fundus autofluorescence imaging revealed zonal hyperautofluorescence around the optic disc. Fluorescein angiography showed optic disc staining and a window defect in the retinal pigment epithelium. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated loss of the ellipsoid line at the corresponding hyperautofluorescent region. All these characteristics indicated a diagnosis of AZOOR. However, the prolonged P100 wave observed through visual-evoked potential examination, hyperintensity T2 signal at the retrobulbar optic nerve through magnetic resonance imaging, and mild hyperemic optic disc along with optic disc staining through fluorescein angiography resemble the characteristics of optic neuritis. Because the clinical features of AZOOR are similar to those of optic neuritis, ophthalmologists should be able to differentiate between these two diseases to achieve a timely and correct diagnosis.

The purpose is to present the objective of the Sanjaa-Uyen-Tumur (SUT) ophthalmometer and compare its measurements with the standard Hertel exophthalmometer.

Eyeball position of 88 healthy eyes of the patients was measured using both the SUT ophthalmometer and Hertel exophthalmometer. Both methods were performed in one session by the same experienced ophthalmologist. Data were analyzed using Bland-Altman method.

Mean age of the participants was 41.11 ± 14.08, further, 59% (26) were male and 41% (18) were female, respectively. The mean difference was 0.1420455 and the standard deviation of the difference was 0.9221067, 95% confidence interval, respectively. Based on the Bland-Altman analysis, lower limit of agreement in our study was from -2.284538 to -1.614211 and upper limit of agreement was from 1.33012 to 2.000447. According to the results of our studies, there is no relationship between the difference and the level of measurement in either plot.

This SUT ophthalmometer can be used same as the Hertel exophthalmometer in ophthalmology practice as can be accurate, affordable, and objective.

This SUT ophthalmometer can be used same as the Hertel exophthalmometer in ophthalmology practice as can be accurate, affordable, and objective.

There is a need to understand the requirement for the post-mydriatic test (PMT) among adults for the final prescription of spectacles as this test increases the cost of eye care and causes inconvenience to the patient because of the additional visit to an eye care practitioner. We aim to compare the cycloplegic subjective refraction using apertures of various sizes and PMT in an adult population.

This prospective crossover study was conducted under standard settings in an eye clinic. Adult individuals between 18 and 35 years of with emmetropia and various degrees of ametropia participated in this study. Individuals with known ocular pathology were excluded. Non-cycloplegic objective refraction was performed followed by subjective refraction. Cycloplegic objective refraction was performed followed by subjective refraction with custom designed artificial apertures. After a washout period of cycloplegic, PMT was performed. The distribution of data was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Depending on the distribution of the data, either parametric or nonparametric test was done.

Fifty-nine eyes of thirty individuals with a mean (±SD) age of 23(±4) years with a male female ratio of 14 participated in this study. A comparison of measures of PMT and subjective refraction with 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm aperture under cycloplegic effect using the Friedman test rendered a Chi square value (df = 5) of 1.92 which was not statistically different (

= 0.86).

Performing subjective refraction with an appropriate spherical and cylindrical endpoint under cycloplegic effect with appropriate aperture overcomes the necessity of PMT.

Performing subjective refraction with an appropriate spherical and cylindrical endpoint under cycloplegic effect with appropriate aperture overcomes the necessity of PMT.

Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is one of the most frequent orbital disorders and is the most common cause of proptosis in adults. GO is described as chronic inflammation of orbital and periorbital tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for severe GO in patients with Graves' disease (GD).

This was a prospective cross-sectional study done on 52 newly diagnosed patients of GD with GO documented by thyroid

Technetium-pertechnetate scan at our center between May 2016 and May 2019. All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination and laboratory and hormonal analysis. Clinical Activity Score (CAS) and severity were estimated as per the European Group on Graves Orbitopathy. BMS-927711 Thirty-four patients with mild GO were compared with 18 patients with moderate-to-severe GO (severe) for baseline risk parameters.

Majority of the patients had mild orbitopathy (34 [65.4%]) followed by moderate to severe (18 [34.6%]). CAS was active in 13.5% of the study group. There was a statistically significant male preponderance in severe GO. Current smoking increased the risk of severe GO (

= 0.003). Duration of GD symptoms at presentation was statistically significantly longer in severe GO patients than mild GO (

= 0.004). Thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) titer significantly increased in severe GO group (6.2 ± 2.4 IU/L) when compared to mild GO (3.2 ± 1.6 IU/L) (

< 0.001). TRAb positivity was similar between groups. Braley's sign, i.e., the differential intraocular pressure (IOP) of >6 mmHg, was statistically significantly higher in severe GO (

< 0.001). Male gender, current smoking, TRAb >2 upper limit of normal (ULN), and differential IOP >6 mmHg were found to be associated with severe GO.

Approximately 35% of the patients with GO have severe disease, with a higher risk in men. This study identified male gender, current smoking, TRAb >2 ULN, and differential IOP >6 mmHg to be associated with severe GO.

6 mmHg to be associated with severe GO.