Aldridgeweeks6783
Lipid droplets are important for cancer cell growth and survival. However, the mechanism underlying the initiation of lipid droplet lipolysis is not well understood. We demonstrate here that glucose deprivation induces the binding of choline kinase (CHK) α2 to lipid droplets, which is sequentially mediated by AMPK-dependent CHKα2 S279 phosphorylation and KAT5-dependent CHKα2 K247 acetylation. Importantly, CHKα2 with altered catalytic domain conformation functions as a protein kinase and phosphorylates PLIN2 at Y232 and PLIN3 at Y251. The phosphorylated PLIN2/3 dissociate from lipid droplets and are degraded by Hsc70-mediated autophagy, thereby promoting lipid droplet lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and brain tumor growth. In addition, levels of CHKα2 S279 phosphorylation, CHKα2 K247 acetylation, and PLIN2/3 phosphorylation are positively correlated with one another in human glioblastoma specimens and are associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients. These findings underscore the role of CHKα2 as a protein kinase in lipolysis and glioblastoma development.
Limited evidence is known about whether long-term exposures to air borne particulate matters of 2.5μm or less (PM
) impact human hematologic index for women preparing for pregnancy. No study assessed the effect of PM
, which is small enough to reach the blood circulation.
To evaluate whether exposure to PM
and PM
is associated with blood cell count of woman preparing for pregnancy.
Based on the baseline data of a national birth cohort in China, we analysed the white blood cell (WBC), red blood cells (RBC) and thrombocyte counts of 1,203,565 women who are aged 18-45 years, being Han ethnicity, had no chronic disease and preparing for pregnancy. We matched their home addresses and examination date with daily concentrations of PM
and PM
which were estimated by a machine learning method with remote sensing, meteorological and land use information. Generalized additive mixed model to examine the associations between exposure to one-year average exposure to PMs prior to the health examination and thWBC, as well as increment in RBC and thrombocytes among Han Chinese women preparing for pregnancy. Measures such as using air purifiers and wearing a mask in polluted areas should be improved to prevent women from the impact of PMs.The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rising rapidly and has become an important public health problem. According to reports, people with T2D often have hyperlipidemia. Hence, in the current study, a plasma non-targeted lipidomics method was used to study the differences in lipid profile between 36 T2D-associated hyperlipidemia patients and 43 healthy controls by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-definition mass spectrometry (UPLC Q-TOF/MS). Furthermore, we studied the differences in lipid profile between 36 T2D-associated hyperlipidemia patients and 41 T2D patients. Principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), S-plot and heatmap were used to analyze the lipid changes between the groups. Compared with the healthy control group, 37 lipids were significantly altered in the T2D-associated hyperlipidemia group, and when compared with the T2D group, 22 lipids were significantly altered in the T2D-associated hyperlipidemia group. click here Of all the detected lipids categories which included sphingolipids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, prenol lipids and saccharolipids, glycerophospholipids accounted for the largest proportion in the two groups. Also, this study found that glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway was the most relevant pathway for these lipid metabolisms. The identified lipids may enhance the disease prediction and provide a new tool to monitor the progression of T2D-associated hyperlipidemia.Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a popular fumigant used widely for the safe storage of food grain. Although A1P is free from toxic residues, it releases phosphine which acts on mitochondrial components of almost all types of pests. Unfortunately A1P is also a common suicidal agent in developing countries with no known antidote. In addition, accidental exposure to phosphine may also occur. AlP poisoning affects cardiac and vascular tissue directly and can result in multiorgan system failure leading to death in severe cases. There is no specific biomarker for diagnosing AlP poisoning and management depends on a high level of clinical suspicion. Although acetylcholinesterase has been suggested as a surrogate biomarker of AlP exposure, there are opposing views. In this review, we analyzed the relevant published material with emphasis on the need to recognize and explore the use of plasma mitochondrial enzyme activity as a potential biomarker for AlP exposure.
Pseudohyponatremia describes an artifactual decrease in plasma sodium result in samples with high proteins and/or lipids when measured by an indirect ion-selective electrode (ISE) method. We suspected that Intralipid®-based lipemia cutoffs are inappropriate for detecting interfering lipids in human samples and a major contributing factor to the existence of pseudohyponatremia.
We evaluated 2 approaches to derive a lipemia cutoff for sodium, one in which patient plasma samples were pooled and spiked to simulate hyperlipidemia using Intralipid® (commonly used approach by in-vitro diagnostics manufacturers), and another in which endogenous hyperlipidemic samples (n=31) were measured by methods not affected by hyperlipidemia (i.e., direct ISE and post-ultracentrifugation indirect ISE). Triglycerides, lipemic index (L-index) and indirect ISE sodium concentrations of samples were measured on Roche Cobas® 8000 and direct ISE on Radiometer® ABL835 Flex analyzers. Endogenous hyperlipidemic samples were also ultracould lower their tolerance for lipemia from the currently recommended L-index cutoff of 2000 on Roche Cobas 8000®. We recommend reflexing to direct ISE when L-index exceeds 700. Manufacturers and laboratories with other indirect ISE methods should evaluate the effect of lipid interference on their method using hyperlipidemic human samples not Intralipid®.
