Albrighthopper4102

In terms of gender, males were more positive to wolves than females, but no such pattern was observed for snow leopards. People's negative perceptions towards wolves were also related to the remoteness of the villages. Factors affecting people's perceptions could not be generalized for the two species, and thus need to be addressed separately. We suggest future conservation projects and programs should prioritize remote settlements.

"Quantile-dependent expressivity" occurs when the effect size of a genetic variant depends upon whether the phenotype (e.g. adiponectin) is high or low relative to its distribution. We have previously shown that the heritability (

) of adiposity, lipoproteins, postprandial lipemia, pulmonary function, and coffee and alcohol consumption are quantile-specific. Whether adiponectin heritability is quantile specific remains to be determined.

Plasma adiponectin concentrations from 4,182 offspring-parent pairs and 1,662 sibships from the Framingham Heart Study were analyzed. Quantile-specific heritability from offspring-parent (



,

= 2



/(1 + r

)) and full-sib regression slopes (



,

= (1 + 8r





)

-1/(2r

)) were robustly estimated by quantile regression with nonparametric significance assigned from 1,000 bootstrap samples.

Quantile-specific

(±SE) increased with increasing percentiles of the offspring's age- and sex-adjusted adiponectin distribution when estimated from



(



=2.2×10

pecific heritability, gene-environment and gene-drug interactions, and postprandial response by haplotypes.

Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology is a powerful tool to study organism from a single cell perspective and explore the heterogeneity between cells. Clustering is a fundamental step in scRNA-seq data analysis and it is the key to understand cell function and constitutes the basis of other advanced analysis. Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) has been widely used in clustering analysis of transcriptome data and achieved good performance. However, the existing NMF model is unsupervised and ignores known gene functions in the process of clustering. Knowledges of cell markers genes (genes that only express in specific cells) in human and model organisms have been accumulated a lot, such as the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB), which can be used as prior information in the clustering analysis of scRNA-seq data. Because the same kind of cells is likely to have similar biological functions and specific gene expression patterns, the marker genes of cells can be utilized as prior knowledge inMF can identify key subclasses and latent biological processes. To our knowledge, this study is the first method that incorporates prior knowledge into the clustering analysis of scRNA-seq data.Ecological stoichiometry can reveal nutrient cycles in soil and plant ecosystems and their interactions. However, the ecological stoichiometry characteristics of leaf-litter-soil system of dominant grasses, shrubs and trees are still unclear as are their intrinsic relationship during vegetation restoration. This study selected three dominant plant types of grasses (Imperata cylindrica (I. cylindrica) and Artemisiasacrorum (A.sacrorum)), shrubs (Sophora viciifolia (S. viciifolia) and Hippophae rhamnoides (H. rhamnoides)) and trees (Quercus liaotungensis (Q. liaotungensis) and Betula platyphylla (B. platyphylla)) in secondary forest areas of the Chinese Loess Plateau to investigate ecological stoichiometric characteristics and their intrinsic relationships in leaf-litter-soil systems. The results indicated that N concentration and NP ratios in leaf and litter were highest in shrubland; leaf P concentration in grassland was highest and litter in forestland had the highest P concentration. Soil C, N and P concentrations were highest in forestland (P 0.5), but the soil P concentration was significantly correlated with litter P concentration (P less then 0.05). These finding enhance understanding of nutrient limitations in different plant communities during vegetation restoration and provide insights for better management of vegetation restoration.Caribbean coral reefs provide essential ecosystem services to society, including fisheries, tourism and shoreline protection from coastal erosion. However, these reefs are also exhibiting major declining trends, leading to the evolution of novel ecosystems dominated by non-reef building taxa, with potentially altered ecological functions. In the search for effective management strategies, this study characterized coral reefs in front of a touristic beach which provides economic benefits to the surrounding coastal communities yet faces increasing anthropogenic pressures and conservation challenges. Haphazard photo-transects were used to address spatial variation patterns in the reef's benthic community structure in eight locations. Statistically significant differences were found with increasing distance from the shoreline, reef rugosity, Diadema antillarum density, among reef locations, and as a function of recreational use. Nearshore reefs reflected higher percent macroalgal cover, likely due to increased exposure from both recreational activities and nearby unsustainable land-use practices. However, nearshore reefs still support a high abundance of the endangered reef-building coral Orbicella annularis, highlighting the need to conserve these natural shoreline protectors. There is an opportunity for local stakeholders and regulatory institutions to collaboratively implement sea-urchin propagation, restoration of endangered Acroporid coral populations, and zoning of recreational densities across reefs. Our results illustrate vulnerable reef hotspots where these management interventions are needed and recommend guidelines to address them.

To assess the patterns and incidence of child and adolescent injury and explore associations with household deprivation and child characteristics in a low-income urban setting.

Cross-sectional household survey in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Data collection took place during July 2009. Injuries requiring medical attention were recorded with a one month period of recall. A total of 1,968 households representing 3,927 children and adolescents were visited by health workers. Gender-, age-, and type-specific injury incidence was compiled. Odds ratios were calculated to measure associations with child injury, perceived deprivation, household characteristics and child characteristics.

One household in five reported injuries. The estimated incidence was 3.2 per 10,000 child-years. The most common identifiable injuries were falls (41%), cuts (22%) and burns (16%). Male and younger children aged 1-4 years were at higher risk (respectively OR = 1.36;

=0.004; OR = 1.47;

≤0.001).

In Dar e Salaam injuries are common. Future investigations should take into account both subjective and objective measurements of relative household deprivation and a clear criteria for the assessment of injury severity in community-based survey contexts.

In Dar e Salaam injuries are common. Future investigations should take into account both subjective and objective measurements of relative household deprivation and a clear criteria for the assessment of injury severity in community-based survey contexts.

The fabella is a sesamoid bone embedded in the tendon of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius. It is the only bone in the human body to increase in prevalence in the last 100 years. As the fabella can serve as an origin/insertion for muscles, tendons, and/or ligaments (e.g., the oblique popliteal and fabellofibular ligaments), temporal changes in fabella prevalence could lead to temporal changes in "standard" knee anatomy. The aim of this study was to investigate unique myological changes to the posterolateral corner knee associated with ossified fabella presence and perform a systematic review to contextualize our results.

Thirty-three fresh frozen cadaveric knees were considered. As the knees were all used for previous experimentation, the knees were in variable levels of preservation. Those with adequate preservation were used to determine ossified fabella presence/absence. When ossified fabellae were present, unique myologies associated with the fabella were recorded. A systematic review was performe fabella presence. Although our sample is small, these data highlight aspects of human biological variability generally not considered when creating generalized anatomical models. Further work is needed to identify additional changes associated with ossified fabellae and the functional consequences of omitting these changes from models.

Herpangina is a highly infectious disease, which is usually prevalent in preschool children.

This study analyzed the clinical and pathogenic characteristics of herpangina children to demonstrate the epidemiology of herpangina. Clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators and pharyngeal swabs were collected from children with herpangina who were monitored by Tongzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Beijing, 2008. Utilizing pharyngeal swabs, virus extraction and amplification were performed for nucleotide identification and sequencing. The phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on all sequences amplified in this study and strains retrieved from GenBank.

Among 190 children with herpangina, 69.0% (131/190) were positive for enterovirus. Eight genotypes were identified, mainly including CV-A6 (39/131), CV-A4 (25/131), CV-A10 (24/131). The phylogenetic analysis showed one CV-A6 strain of Tongzhou was imported from Japan. CV-A10 strains were clustered into five groups (A-E). The dominant cluster of CV-A10 was Group E6 between 2009 and 2013, and converted to Group E5 after 2013. CV-A6 was the predominant pathogen causing herpangina in Tongzhou in 2018, followed by CV-A4 and CV-A10.

The circulation of coxsackievirus had spatiotemporal cluster. In controlling the transmission of herpangina, the surveillance and reporting system should be enhanced.

The circulation of coxsackievirus had spatiotemporal cluster. In controlling the transmission of herpangina, the surveillance and reporting system should be enhanced.Trypanosoma cruzi, the cause agent of Chagas disease, is transmitted mainly by blood-feeding insects of the subfamily Triatominae. The T. cruzi life cycle alternates between triatomines and mammalian hosts, excluding birds and reptiles. Triatomines of Mepraia genus are wild vectors of T. cruzi in Chile. Mepraia specimens infected with T. cruzi have been detected in Pan de Azúcar and Santa María islands. The most common vertebrates that inhabit these islands are birds and reptiles, and it is unknown whether small mammals are present. Consequently, it is relevant to know whether there are any T. cruzi-infected small mammals on those islands to elucidate the T. cruzi cycle. To clarify this crossroads, islands of northern Chile were explored to determine if T. cruzi-infected triatomines and rodents co-occur in islands of northern Chile. T. cruzi DNA was detected by conventional and real-time PCR in three islands on Santa María and Pan de Azúcar islands T. cruzi was detected in Mepraia sp samples, while on Pan de Azúcar (6.