Albrektsenhanson4465

On the inversion process, the single-step Gauss-Newton method with Laplacian regularizer is recruited to estimate the bladder volume non-invasively and remotely (estimation error of 19%), paving the way for this technique to surpass the current limitations found in intravesical volume monitoring in quasi-real time.

Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) have made moving, wearable magnetoencephalography (MEG) possible. The OPMs typically used for MEG require a low background magnetic field to operate, which is achieved using both passive and active magnetic shielding. However, the background magnetic field is never truly zero Tesla, and so the field at each of the OPMs changes as the participant moves. This leads to position and orientation dependent changes in the measurements, which manifest as low frequency artefacts in MEG data.

We modelled the spatial variation in the magnetic field and used the model to predict the movement artefact found in a dataset.

We demonstrate a method for modelling this field with a triaxial magnetometer, then showed that we can use the same technique to predict the movement artefact in a real OPM-based MEG (OP-MEG) dataset.

Using an 86-channel OP-MEG system, we found that this modelling method maximally reduced the power spectral density of the data by 27.8 0.6 dB at 0 Hz, when applied over 5 s non-overlapping windows.

The magnetic field inside our state-of-the art magnetically shielded room can be well described by low-order spherical harmonic functions. We achieved a large reduction in movement noise when we applied this model to OP-MEG data.

Real-time implementation of this method could reduce passive shielding requirements for OP-MEG recording and allow the measurement of low-frequency brain activity during natural participant movement.

Real-time implementation of this method could reduce passive shielding requirements for OP-MEG recording and allow the measurement of low-frequency brain activity during natural participant movement.

We present a data-driven method to build a spatiotemporal statistical shape model predictive of normal cranial growth from birth to the age of 2 years.

The model was constructed using a normative cross-sectional computed tomography image dataset of 278 subjects. First, we propose a new standard representation of the calvaria using spherical maps to establish anatomical correspondences between subjects at the cranial sutures the main areas of cranial bone expansion. Then, we model the cranial bone shape as a bilinear function of two factors inter-subject anatomical variability and temporal growth. We estimate these factors using principal component analysis on the spatial and temporal dimensions, using a novel coarse-to-fine temporal multi-resolution approach to mitigate the lack of longitudinal images of the same patient.

Our model achieved an accuracy of 1.54 1.05 mm predicting development on an independent longitudinal dataset. We also used the model to calculate the cranial volume, cephalic index and cranial bone surface changes during the first two years of age, which were in agreement with clinical observations.

To our knowledge, this is the first data-driven and personalized predictive model of cranial bone shape development during infancy and it can serve as a baseline to study abnormal growth patterns in the population.

To our knowledge, this is the first data-driven and personalized predictive model of cranial bone shape development during infancy and it can serve as a baseline to study abnormal growth patterns in the population.The introduction of ultrafast ultrasound and spatiotemporal filtering has significantly improved the sensitivity of Doppler ultrasound imaging. This work describes the development of a novel 3D power Doppler imaging technique which uses a 1D-array ultrasound probe that mechanically translates at a constant speed. The continuous translation allows for a fast scan of a large 3D volume without requiring complex hardware. The technique was realized in a prototype and its feasibility illustrated using phantom and in-vivo kidney and breast lesion experiments. Although this 3D Doppler imaging technique is limited in some aspects, it enables power Doppler imaging of a large volume in a short acquisition time with less computational costs.Synaptic membrane-remodeling events such as endocytosis require force-generating actin assembly. Brusatol The endocytic machinery that regulates these actin and membrane dynamics localizes at high concentrations to large areas of the presynaptic membrane, but actin assembly and productive endocytosis are far more restricted in space and time. Here we describe a mechanism whereby autoinhibition clamps the presynaptic endocytic machinery to limit actin assembly to discrete functional events. We found that collective interactions between the Drosophila endocytic proteins Nwk/FCHSD2, Dap160/intersectin, and WASp relieve Nwk autoinhibition and promote robust membrane-coupled actin assembly in vitro. Using automated particle tracking to quantify synaptic actin dynamics in vivo, we discovered that Nwk-Dap160 interactions constrain spurious assembly of WASp-dependent actin structures. These interactions also promote synaptic endocytosis, suggesting that autoinhibition both clamps and primes the synaptic endocytic machinery, thereby constraining actin assembly to drive productive membrane remodeling in response to physiological cues.To control reaching, the nervous system must generate large changes in muscle activation to drive the limb toward the target, and must also make smaller adjustments for precise and accurate behavior. Motor cortex controls the arm through projections to diverse targets across the central nervous system, but it has been challenging to identify the roles of cortical projections to specific targets. Here, we selectively disrupt cortico-cerebellar communication in the mouse by optogenetically stimulating the pontine nuclei in a cued reaching task. This perturbation did not typically block movement initiation, but degraded the precision, accuracy, duration, or success rate of the movement. Correspondingly, cerebellar and cortical activity during movement were largely preserved, but differences in hand velocity between control and stimulation conditions predicted from neural activity were correlated with observed velocity differences. These results suggest that while the total output of motor cortex drives reaching, the cortico-cerebellar loop makes small adjustments that contribute to the successful execution of this dexterous movement.Mutations in TP53 occur commonly in the majority of human tumors and confer aggressive tumor phenotypes, including metastasis and therapy resistance. CB002 and structural-analogs restore p53 signaling in tumors with mutant-p53 but we find that unlike other xanthines such as caffeine, pentoxifylline, and theophylline, they do not deregulate the G2 checkpoint. Novel CB002-analogs induce pro-apoptotic Noxa protein in an ATF3/4-dependent manner, whereas caffeine, pentoxifylline, and theophylline do not. By contrast to caffeine, CB002-analogs target an S-phase checkpoint associated with increased p-RPA/RPA2, p-ATR, decreased Cyclin A, p-histone H3 expression, and downregulation of essential proteins in DNA-synthesis and DNA-repair. CB002-analog #4 enhances cell death, and decreases Ki-67 in patient-derived tumor-organoids without toxicity to normal human cells. Preliminary in vivo studies demonstrate anti-tumor efficacy in mice. Thus, a novel class of anti-cancer drugs shows the activation of p53 pathway signaling in tumors with mutated p53, and targets an S-phase checkpoint.

A process evaluation, the Uttarakhand Tobacco Free Initiative (UTFI), was conducted in 49 public high schools and colleges in the state of Uttarakhand, India, to measure program implementation, provide feedback to school administrators, and identify barriers to tobacco control.

UTFI aims to 1) raise awareness and provide education and tools for teachers and school administrators about the dangers of tobacco use and secondhand smoke, 2) encourage participation in student-led activities to promote tobacco-free initiatives, and 3) enforce tobacco-free school policies in the state of Uttarakhand.

We used the CDC evaluation framework to document key components and lessons learned from the UTFI. We distributed questionnaires to 71 teachers and principals in December 2016, to assess awareness of school activities and policies related to the initiative. Descriptive statistics were computed for quantitative data, and a thematic content analysis was used for qualitative data.

Of the 71 participants, 66 (92.9%) ng different components of the process, including implementation of program activities and teacher and principal satisfaction. Results might help enhance key processes for the initiative and highlight some barriers to implementation, such as enforcing tobacco control policy off school premises. Continued efforts are needed to prevent tobacco use among young people.

Congenital athymia is an ultra-rare pediatric condition characterized by the lack of thymus in utero and the naïve T cells critical for infection defense and immune regulation. Patients with congenital athymia receive supportive care to minimize and treat infections, autoimmune phenomena, and autologous graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) manifestations, but historically, die within the first 3 years of life with supportive care only. We estimated the healthcare resource utilization and economic burden of supportive care over patients' first 3 years of life in the United States.

A medical chart audit by the treating physician was used to collect patient data from birth to age 3 on clinical manifestations associated with congenital athymia (clinical manifestations due to underlying syndromic conditions excluded). Using costs and charges from publicly available sources, the total economic burden of direct medical costs and charges for the first 3 years of life (considered "lifetime" for patients receiving sup high economic burden to the healthcare system.

Current treatment of patients with congenital athymia (supportive care) presents a high economic burden to the healthcare system.The purpose of this study was to determine the most efficient airborne asbestos filter for use in an HEPA negative air machines through filter performance testing. The filter classes applied conformed with ISO and European standard (EN 1822) regarding fractional efficiency by dust loading amount for filters, fractional efficiency for negative air machines, and consumption of electrical power at filter size 0.3 μm. Class H13 had the highest fractional efficiency among the three experimental filter classes by particle size, at face velocity of (1, 2, and 3) m/s. Melt-blown(MB) filters exhibited higher fractional performance than did glass-fiber filters at all particle sizes tested (0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 µm). The power consumption of glass-fiber filters was higher (at 10 m3/min) than was that of melt-blown filters. Therefore, melt blown filters would be more cost effective than glass fiber filters for use in HEPA negative air machines, for protection against airborne asbestos.