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In addition, Renotinex has diuretic effect and nephroprotective effect, and improves renal function, alleviating aggressive therapeutic influence of ESWL. Antioxidant and nephroprotective effect are among the main mechanisms of action of Renotinex. CONCLUSION In patients who received Renotinex as dietary supplements fragments after ESWL pass twice as fast, while in patients who did not receive Renotinex, there was more pronounced damage to the kidney parenchyma diagnosed by urine level of 2-microglobulin. The serum concentration of vitamin E increases, while taking Renotinex, which may prevent the peroxidation of polyunsaturated lipids in cell membranes and enhances the nephroprotective effect of Renotinex.OBJECTIVE To study in vitro activity of antimicrobials against clinical isolates from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) in different regions of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan in 2017-2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1260 isolates collectedin the Russian Federation, Belarus and Kazakhstanas a part of the international multicenter prospective epidemiological study of the dynamics of antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens causing community-acquired urinary tract infections in different subsets of patients ("DARMIS-2018") were included in the analysis. 1124 strains represented the Enterobacterales order. Uropathogenswere isolated from children and adults of both sexes of all age groups with acute (and recurrences of chronic) community-acquired UTIs including pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuriain 34 centers of 26 cities of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus in 2017-2018. RESULTS Enterobacterales jointly comprised a total of 89,2% of all isolated bacterial pathogens (88,9n the subset of children and adolescents under 18 years of age, respectively). Ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole demonstrated the lowest in vitro activity against Escherichia coli (less than 80% for everypatient subset). The susceptibility of E. colito ciprofloxacin was 60,4% in the adult subset; 80,0% in the subset of pregnant women and 80,6% in the subset of children and adolescents under 18. The rate of production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases among E. coli isolates based on the results of phenotypic tests was 21,9%. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study indicate the increase of resistance of community-acquired isolates of Enterobacterales and in particular E. coli to the most of antimicrobials in Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan.AIM To determine the frequency of occurrence of oportunistic pathogenic bacterial flora and viral pathogens in the urine of healthy people with the establishment of the association between them. MATERIALS AND METHODS 40 healthy sexually active women and men were examined, which are divided by gender into equivalent groups Group I - healthy women (n=19), Group II - healthy men (n=21). The age of the subjects ranged from 20 to 25 years, the average age was 22.4+/-1.2 years. In both groups, the average portion of morning urine was taken for a study after a proper hygienic procedure with self-urination of the subjects in a sterile plastic container (Sterile Uricol for urine sample collection "HiMedia"). Catechin hydrate In addition to the nutrient media regulated by the Clinical Guidelines, additional HiMedia chromogenic media were used to cultivate facultative anaerobic (FAB) and non-clostridial anaerobic bacteria (NAB). Detection of viruses was performed by PCR with detection in "real time". DNA isolation was carried out by thetermined in the presence of Bacteroides spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Prevotella spp., in urine. Accordingly, in 83.3% of cases, these viruses were detected in the absence of the above-listed taxa of microorganisms in the urine. CONCLUSIONS The normal urinary microbiota of healthy women and men has differences Lactobacillus spp and Candida spp are absent in the urine of men while Streptococcus spp in urine of women. HHV6, HPV18, parvoviruses B19 are found in urine of healthy people and more often in men. Data about the virobiota and microbiota of urine in healthy people can highlight on the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections of various localization and develop targeted approaches in personalized therapy of this group of diseases.BACKGROUND Evaluation of surgical treatment of hypospadias is one of the most controversial problem in urology, considering a lack of continuity in the management of these patients between pediatric andrologists and general urologists. Patients who undergone to multiple hypospadias repairs remain one of the most difficult categories for reconstructive urethral surgery and urology in general. MATERIALS AND METHODS The treatment results of 112 adult patients who had complications of previously performed hypospadias repairs were evaluated. The results of repeated procedures were compared in patients, in whom modified balloon urethral catheter (group 1; n=50) or standard Foley catheter (group 2; n=62) was used, respectively. RESULTS Most patients after surgery assessed the appearance of the penis as "good" (92% in group 1, 77.4% in group 2). In group 1, satisfactory results was seen in 8% of cases and there were no unsatisfactory results, while in group 2, where standard Foley catheter was used, these values were 19.4% and 3.2%, respectively. In group 1, complication rate was lower than in group 2 (10% versus 41.9%; p less then 0.05). In group 1, there was a significantly higher proportion of patients with a Qmax score of more or equal 18 ml/s (90% versus 74.2%; p less then 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Repeated procedures in adult men with late complications of surgical treatment of hypospadias are quite effective, although they are accompanied by a rather high complications rate. The use of a new model of the urethral catheter with dilating cuff and an irrigation canal allows to improve treatment results in this category of patients.The unifying theme for the papers in this volume is that event-predictive representations play an important role in cognitive processes, and they are a particularly fruitful object of study for cognitive scientists. In this paper, we present our own model of event representations that draws together several disparate strands of research into event representations, relating to event perception, event encodings in working memory and their role in prediction, and events as they are reported in language. Our main claim is that the notion of deictic routines originally developed by Ballard et al. (1997) is of great use in explaining how these different types of event representation interface with one another. © 2020 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.