Ahmedfarrell6939

In the new era of the Internet-of-Things, athletic big data collection and analysis based on widely distributed sensing networks are particularly important in the development of intelligent sports. Conventional sensors usually require an external power supply, with limitations such as limited lifetime and high maintenance cost. As a newly developed mechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sensing technology, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) shows great potential to overcome these limitations. Most importantly, TENGs can be fabricated using wood, paper, fibers, and polymers, which are the most frequently used materials for sports. Recent progress on the development of TENGs for the field of intelligent sports is summarized. First, the working mechanism of TENG and its association with athletic big data are introduced. Subsequently, the development of TENG-based sports sensing systems, including smart sports facilities and wearable equipment is highlighted. At last, the remaining challenges and open opportunities are also discussed.Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The WHO 2030 Elimination Goals require each country to evaluate their response to their epidemics. This can be achieved by visualization of cascades of care, depicting how infected cases move through disease control stages. However, methods of displaying data are debated and lack practical application. This project proposes a new way of codifying and displaying HCV data using Tayside as a case study. 1464 cases of active HCV infections in Tayside from 2015 to 2019 were analysed from NHS Tayside's HCV Database. Variables were evaluated to create a systematic coding framework that was then used to code each patient's diagnosis, treatment and cure status each year from 2015 to 2019. TBPM-PI Graphical representation of the data in the form of a stacked clustered bar chart demonstrates general trends and conversion rates. For example, Tayside has seen an increase in diagnosis-to-cure rates from 18% to 49% (2015-2019). This method also demonstrates the portion of newly and previously diagnosed people accessing treatment, those with unsuccessful or incomplete treatments, completed treatments with unconfirmed cure, and the number of deaths and relocations. In conclusion, this project proposes a novel way of displaying cascades of care data that relays yearly snapshots of an epidemic, cumulative progression over time, nuanced information of each stage and progression towards elimination targets. This method can be meaningfully used to improve local service planning, knowledge exchange across health systems and reporting to bodies like the WHO.Modelling suggests hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination is possible among men who have sex with men (MSM), with key screening groups including HIV-diagnosed MSM and MSM using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Mathematical modelling was used to determine the cost-effectiveness of HCV case-finding strategies among MSM from the provider perspective, and to determine which interventions could achieve a 90% reduction in HCV incidence over 2015-2030. At baseline, we assumed symptomatic screening in HIV-negative MSM (including PrEP users) and 12-monthly screening among HIV-diagnosed MSM. Improved case-finding strategies included screening alongside HIV testing in HIV-negative MSM not using PrEP (PrEP non-users); 12/6/3-monthly screening in PrEP users; and 6-monthly screening in HIV-diagnosed MSM, with the cost-effectiveness being compared incrementally. Costs (GBP) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were assessed to estimate the mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) with a time horizon to 2050, compared to a willingness-to-pay threshold of £20,000/QALY. From the baseline, the most incrementally cost-effective strategy is to firstly undertake (1) 12-monthly HCV screening of PrEP users (gaining 6715 QALYs with ICER £1760/QALY), followed by (2) HCV screening among PrEP non-users alongside HIV testing (gaining 7048 QALYs with ICER £4972/QALY). Compared to the baseline, this combined strategy would cost £46.9 (95%CrI £25.3-£66.9) million and achieve the HCV elimination target in 100% of model runs. Additional screening incurs ICERs >£20,000/QALY compared to this combined strategy. In conclusion, HCV elimination can be achieved cost-effectively among UK MSM. Policymakers should consider scaling-up HCV screening in HIV-negative MSM, especially PrEP users, for achieving this target.Stress, a major regulator and precipitating factor of cognitive and emotional disorders, differentially manifests between males and females. Our aim was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the sexual dimorphic effects of acute restraint stress (RS) on males and females on the function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Adult male and female mice were subjected to RS or left in their home-cage (NR), and then tested in the light-dark test followed by the temporal order object recognition (TOR) task. Female mice exhibited increased anxiety-like levels, whereas male mice only showed deficits in the TOR task. When the behavioural tests were conducted 24 hr following restraint stress (RS24), only the reduced performance in the TOR task in male mice persisted. In a different cohort, evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded in layer II of acute PFC slices, immediately or 24 hr after RS. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was significantly reduced in RS and RS24 male, but not female, compared with their respective NR group. LTP in PFC slices incubated with corticosterone showed significantly reduced LTP only in males. To determine whether glucocorticoid signalling is implicated in the RS-induced behavioural effects, a different cohort of mice was administered mifepristone, a corticosterone receptor antagonist. Mifepristone administration 1 hr before RS prevented the effects of RS on the TOR task in males, but not anxiety. In conclusion, RS has differential effects on recency memory and anxiety, in males and females, which are partly mediated by the effects of corticosterone signalling on synaptic plasticity.