Aggerhorn7807

37). Trophic transfer factor values were very low for all elements in fish muscle and liver, suggesting a biodilution effect along the food chain. Further studies are needed to expand on these first findings that provide useful insights to inform environmental monitoring and policy in remote high-mountain lakes.Even though wildfires constitute a natural phenomenon, they may have severe implications with respect to the socioeconomic structure of the affected population and the ecological wealth of a territory, especially when they burn under high intensities. Timing of the initial attack is thus crucial to fire control in areas that fires are considered to be under high threat of burning. The aim of this paper is to investigate the combined use of simulation modeling and spatial optimization to assess the pre-positioning of fire-management resources on a small Greek island, Thasos, based on the current and desired fire agency capabilities, maximization of environmental protection, and rationalization of financial resources. The estimation of burn probability (BP) depicted specific areas of high fire hazard in the southern, central, and western part of the island, where essential preventive measures should be undertaken. Based on this result, BP was then used as a primary input for the assessment of optimal locations of fire operation agencies in order to achieve the maximal coverage under certain (already available) and minimum number of fire-fighting vehicles in different time windows. The results generated three differentiated optimal location schemes [8 available vehicles within either 10 (immediate response time) or 31 min (average response time) with the current fire resources; 19 and 2 required vehicles within 10 and 31 min, respectively, based on a minimum number of fire resources]. This type of information enables us to propose a relocation of the current fire agency in a southern town of the island. The flexibility and interaction of the models provide a framework for appropriate decision making under a set of political and financial constraints.Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) recovery from swine manure has attracted considerable interest for biomass valorization. In this study, a catalytic-thermal hydrolysis (TH) process combined with struvite crystallization was investigated to promote P and N conversion from swine manure. Its potential as a phosphate-based fertilizer was investigated. Two periods for P solubilization and transformation were observed, i.e., an initial increase with reaction time followed by a decrease as treatment continued. Nitrogen conversion efficiency increased with increasing temperature and time. Treatment of swine manure by catalytic-TH with HCl + H2O2 showed the best performance for P and N solubilization and transformation. With a Mg2+/PO43- molar ratio of 2.49 and a pH of 9.11, the struvite crystallization efficiency from the supernatant after catalytic-TH with HCl + H2O2 reached 99.2%. Hydroculture bioassay showed that struvite had a positive effect on the early growth of wheat. The P concentrations in both root and shoot tissues for struvite treatment were more than two times higher than that of soluble P. These encouraging results warrant further studies on the conversion of biowaste given that recycling nutrients sources may outperform traditional synthetic fertilizers.Cadmium is a toxic element with a half-life of more than a few decades that can be absorbed by crops and threaten human health. The problem of food security caused by cadmium through soil-crop systems has received great attention in China. Maize is a staple food widely cultivated throughout the world. However, the lack of systematic study makes it difficult to draw an accurate conclusion on its exact characteristics of cadmium accumulation and the corresponding health risk assessment. TTI101 The availability of cadmium increased with the decrease of soil pH in acidic soil, enhancing the uptake of cadmium by crops and thus posing a major threat to food safety. In this study, the performance of kernel cadmium accumulation in abundant maize inbred and important hybrid lines were analyzed on acidic fields with different pollution levels in China. It was found that the kernel cadmium concentration both in inbred and hybrid lines showed left skewed distribution and concentrated significantly in a low interval under different soil cadmium gradients with good correlation. The classification of cadmium risk level in maize germplasm and cultivars and the analysis of soil cadmium threshold for maize safe planting can provide references to utilize the crop more feasibly and effectively. Maize may be an important staple crop to reduce human exposure to cadmium in agricultural soil.In order to transition from a linear to a circular economy in the organic waste management sector, more of the elements in waste need to be recycled. Use of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.; Diptera Stratiomyidae) larvae (BSFL) for organic waste treatment has potential to harvest more complex molecules than conventional methods. Many organic waste substrates have high water content (>80%), but the impact on BSFL treatment efficiency of substrate water contents >80% is not known. This study evaluated the impact of high water content food waste on BSFL composting efficiency in terms of waste-to-biomass conversion ratio, material reduction, larval survival and the ventilation required for enabling dry separation of larvae from residue. In total, six water contents ranging from 76% to 97.5% were evaluated in two experimental trials. It was found that increasing water content reduced biomass conversion ratio and survival rate of the larvae, from 33.4% of volatile solids (VS) and 97.2% survival in 76% water to 17.5% of VS and 19.3% survival in 97.5% water. Furthermore, we found that the ventilation requirement for achieving dry separation of larvae from residue could be modelled by estimating the amount of water that would need to be removed, taking into account the water bound in the larvae, and knowing the specifics of the ventilation set-up of the modelled system. The findings could have implications on the waste management sector interested in implementing BSFL treatment, as the findings demonstrate that it is possible to treat wet substrates (such as fruit and vegetable wastes) without any pre-treatment other than grinding and attain an adequately dry residue for enabling dry separation of the larvae from the residue.To handle the impact of habitat transformations, the microbial cells developed mechanisms aimed at adjustment of their biological processes in response to signals indicating environmental changes. One of the first changes in their properties is observed on their surface, which has direct contact with the dynamically varying surroundings. In this study, we present results of changes in the cell surface properties which may have a decisive impact on the xenobiotics' bioavailability and microbial cell survival. These changes influence their ability to remove xenobiotics by accelerating and empowering this process. Moreover, the application of microorganisms exposed for long-term to hydrocarbons in bioremediation processes might have positive impact on biodegradation of the latter in the natural environment as well as natural microbial community diversity. This study demonstrates a variety of microbial cell mechanisms of adaptation to long-term exposure to hydrocarbons and their potential as the bioremediation tools.Nowadays, the increasing global warming phenomenon caused by large carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has a huge impact on the economic and social sustainable development in the world. And CO2 emissions come mainly from the burning of fossil energy, such as oil, natural gas and coal. link2 Therefore, a novel economy and CO2 emissions evaluation model based on the slacks-based measure integrating the data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) is proposed to analyze and optimize energy structures of some countries and regions in the world. The consumption of oil, natural gas and coal are inputs of the proposed method. In addition, per capita gross domestic product (GDP) value is the desirable output and CO2 emission is the undesirable output. Then the economy and CO2 emissions evaluation model of some countries and regions in the world is built. The results show that the overall efficiency of developed countries and regions is higher than that of developing countries. Moreover, due to the optimal configuration of slack variables of inputs and the undesirable output, the efficiency values of some inefficient countries and regions can be improved greatly. Furthermore, whether in 2017 or 2018, the average efficiency values of Europe and Oceania are both relatively high, and these two years average efficiency values of Asia are all the lowest among the five continents.Ecotoxicological risk assessments of pesticides on non-target arthropods are often carried out under constant and optimal temperature regimes. However, living organisms rarely experience these conditions in real field situations. Understanding the impact of pesticides on non-target beneficial arthropods under temperature stresses is especially important in terms of global warming. link3 We assessed the lethal and sublethal effects of four modern insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, spinetoram, spinosad), on the generalist predator Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera Miridae) under a range of temperatures (from 10 to 40°C) frequently experienced in a real field scenario. A reduction coefficient (Ex) was calculated by summarizing the mortality and predator reproductive capacity and, the chemicals were classified according to the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) toxicity classes. The insecticides showed a marked synergistic effect with temperature, as the predator mortality and reproductive outputs were significantly correlated with increasing temperatures. Spinosyns interacted significantly with temperature causing the highest mortality and lowest fertility rates. Anthranilic diamides showed a safer ecotoxicological profile compared to spinosyns, with cyantraniliprole being more harmful than chlorantraniliprole. These results suggest that temperature should be taken into account in pesticide ecotoxicology studies within the framework of integrated pest management and the recent climate changes.The Nile Delta is home to half of Egypt's population and has ample agricultural, industrial, and cultural resources, yet the land subsides in response to many natural and anthropogenic impacts. We report the recent subsidence rate and patterns in the Nile Delta using the synthetic aperture radar Sentinel-1 data of 144 images obtained between 2015 and 2019, based on coherence small baseline subset interferometry of ~2900 interferograms. We distinguished three patterns of deformation due to three different physical mechanisms 1) The land subsides with rates ranging from -12 to -20 mm/year in major cities (such as Zagazig, Mit Ghamr, Tanta, Mansoura and Mahla) due to urban-induced loading; 2) A subsidence rate ranges between -3 and -8 mm/year along the coastal margins due to natural sediment dewatering and compaction. This rate is consistent with the global positioning system rate of -3.5 mm/year and 3) A subsidence rate ranges from -20 to -16 mm/year and -6 to -12 mm/year in newly reclaimed lands on the west and east of the delta's flood plains, respectively, due to groundwater overexploitation.