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Evidence-based practices are shown to improve health outcomes in persons with substance use disorder (SUD), but practice adoption is often limited by stigma. Stigma towards these patients leads to poor communication, missed diagnoses, and treatment avoidance.

The purpose of this study was to survey a rural community to conceptualize knowledge and attitudes towards SUD and opioid use disorder.

The study design was cross-sectional survey using a convenience sample in a rural community in southwestern Ohio.

A 25-item electronic survey was created to assess knowledge and attitudes of the community towards SUD, evidenced-based practices, and stigma. Questions were grouped into five subcategories to meaningfully address high-priority areas. Descriptive statistics included frequencies and percentages. A comparative analysis was performed using Chi-square and phi to evaluate response rates from the first question, A substance use disorder is a real illness like diabetes and heart disease, to the other survey questions.

A total of 173 people responded to the survey. The response to "A substance use disorder is a real illness like diabetes and heart disease" resulted in two groups of similar size, with 83 (48.5%) of the respondents agreeing with the statement. There was a significant difference (p < .001) in 15 questions between the two groups.

People who believe SUD is a real illness were more likely to support evidence-based treatment practices, show less stigma towards those suffering from SUD, and support harm reduction services.

People who believe SUD is a real illness were more likely to support evidence-based treatment practices, show less stigma towards those suffering from SUD, and support harm reduction services.Interventional radiology continues to evolve into a more robust and clinically dynamic specialty underpinned by significant advancements in training, education, and practice. This article, prepared by members of the 2020-2021 Association of University Radiologists' task force of the Radiology Research Alliance, will review these developments, highlighting the evolution of interventional radiology pathways with attention to growing educational differences, interrelation to diagnostic radiology training, post-training practice patterns, distribution of procedures and future trends, amongst other key features important to those pursuing a career in interventional radiology as well as those in practice.

The preliminary clinical evaluation (PCE) abnormality flagging system is a progression from the red dot system. The need for a PCE service may be reduced by immediate "hot" reporting services, however, PCE can be valuable in those Trusts that do not have a "hot reporting"service, as well as in the out of hours setting. Crenigacestat manufacturer This study aimed to identify what information clinicians require within the PCE to aid decision making.

Emergency Department (ED) clinicians and Radiology reporters were approached to complete a paper survey seeking their preferences on various aspects of the What, Where, How model, regarding their usefulness. Questions were a combination of multiple choice, Likert scale, and free-text.

Thirty participants (20 ED clinicians and 10 Radiology Reporters) provided a 100% response rate. Overall, Where was considered to be most significant (n=18, 60%), followed by What (n=11, 37%). Half of participants (n=15, 50%) considered How to be least significant. ED clinicians found all aspects of the What, Where, How useful, in particular the Where, but to a slightly lesser extent regarding how much displacement was involved. Overall, the information ranked as least useful was how much movement, followed by direction of movement, and type of fracture. The preferred style for a PCE comment is a bullet format.

PCE content should accommodate the preferences of ED referrers. Our findings suggest clinicians want information pertaining to what the abnormality is (i.e. the type of injury), where it was (more specific than simply which bone) and if displacement is present.

These findings add to the current knowledge base and provide support to the local department when implementing the PCE system.

These findings add to the current knowledge base and provide support to the local department when implementing the PCE system.

Breast density is associated with an increase in breast cancer risk and limits early detection of the disease. This study assesses the diagnostic performance of mammogram readers in digital mammography (DM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT).

Eleven breast readers with 1-39 years of experience reading mammograms and 0-4 years of experience reading DBT participated in the study. All readers independently interpreted 60 DM cases (40 normal/20 abnormal) and 35 DBT cases (20 normal/15 abnormal). Sensitivity, specificity, ROC AUC, and diagnostic confidence were calculated and compared between DM and DBT.

DBT significantly improved diagnostic confidence in both dense breasts (p=0.03) and non-dense breasts (p=0.003) but not in other diagnostic performance metrics. Specificity was higher in DM for readers with >7 years' experience (p=0.03) in reading mammography, non-radiologists (p=0.04), readers who had completed a 3-6 months training fellowship in breast imaging (p=0.04), and those with ≤2 years' experience in reading DBT (p=0.02), particularly in non-dense breasts.

Diagnostic confidence was higher in DBT when compared to DM. In contrast, other performance metrics appeared to be similar or better with DM and may be influenced by the lack of experience of the reader cohort in reading DBT.

The benefits of DBT may not be entirely accrued until radiologists attain expertise in DBT interpretation. Specificity of DBT varied according to reader characteristics, and these characteristics may be useful for optimising pairing strategies in independent double reading of DBT as practiced in Australia to reduce false positive diagnostic errors.

The benefits of DBT may not be entirely accrued until radiologists attain expertise in DBT interpretation. Specificity of DBT varied according to reader characteristics, and these characteristics may be useful for optimising pairing strategies in independent double reading of DBT as practiced in Australia to reduce false positive diagnostic errors.