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One of the provisions implemented to contain the spread of Covid-19 infections in Italy was the lockdown. Effects of the lockdown on childbirth outcomes and on the well-being of both the mother and the child have not yet been defined. An inadequate diet during pregnancy and a reduced physical activity can predispose women to become overweight or obese and trigger the development of various complications and maternal-fetal adverse outcomes.

This is a retrospective study including all consecutive patients who delivered at University Hospital Maggiore della Carità in Novara, Italy, in April-May 2017 (group 1, n=294), a period prior to the pandemic, and during the same months in 2020 (group 2, n=256) during and immediately after lockdown. Clinical data were extracted from The Report "Childbirth Assistance Certificate (CedAP) - Birth Event Analysis".

Demographic characteristics were similar between the two study groups, except for a decreased number of married couples in group 2 (p-value 0.018) and an increantrapartum complications. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate psychological, behavioral, and epigenetic effects of maternal physical inactivity on obstetric outcomes.Infections may act with variable impact on the physiopathology of the reproductive organs, determining infertility or reducing the outcomes of assisted reproduction technology. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the existing evidence regarding the pathogens with a supposed or recognized role in reproductive medicine. Viral hepatitis, as HIV, can reduce sperm quality. Syphilis carries a risk of erectile dysfunction and increased endometrial thickness. Chlamydia is the main cause of pelvic inflammatory disease. In relation to Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp., only few species seem to show a correlation with infertility and poor in-vitro fertilization outcomes. There is evidence of a role for bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy loss. HPV infection in males seems to determine infertility. Herpesviruses are more a risk for fetuses than for fertility itself. Zika virus is responsible for altered early embryo development and waiting to conceive is recommended in suspected or confirmed cases. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 is yet to be elucidated. Rubella and toxoplasmosis can provoke important congenital defects and therefore screening is mandatory before conception; a vaccine for Rubella is recommended. Further and well-designed studies are still needed to better elucidate the role of some infectious agents, to improve fertility and its treatments.Many studies have shown that BRCA mutation is not only related to cancer but also to ovarian aging. Studies in both human and mice oocytes have shown that Double-strand breaks (DSBs) accumulate with age. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have found 44 genetic loci that are related to variations when a female is about to have menopause. BRCA1 is involved in these 44 loci that are associated with the age of menopause. This review has gathered all results of literature search about the association between BRCA genes and early menopause. The majority of the articles found that women with BRCA mutation have earlier menopause compared to non-carriers. In conclusion, in the near future BRCA1,2 genes could be used as predictive biomarkers of menopause.

Children visiting emergency departments (EDs) are disproportionately affected by mental health disorders. Integrated behavioral health models hold promise for improving care among ED patients. We implemented and evaluated a novel behavioral health service integrated psychology trainees in a safety net hospital's pediatric ED and urgent care.

Consultations and interventions provided were identified from the service's patient registry. Patients treated by the service were matched based on age, sex, day, and month of presentation to control patients who received a brief assessment by a specialized psychiatric nurse or patients receiving comprehensive management in a psychiatric emergency service. Rates of ED return visits were obtained from local hospital records, and insurance claims were used to identify rates of psychiatric hospitalization and outpatient follow-up care.

The most commonly provided interventions among 71 intervention patients were assistance with connection to follow-up behavioral health The authors discuss this model's potential for enhancing mental health care in pediatric EDs.

Although this psychology-led integrated behavioral health service delivered a range of brief psychotherapeutic interventions, its impact on outpatient, inpatient, and emergency care was mixed. This lower follow-up rate among intervention patients may reflect the success of active psychological treatment in the ED, lower acuity among intervention patients, or implications of the study's safety net setting. The authors discuss this model's potential for enhancing mental health care in pediatric EDs.Becker's nevus is a main epidermal hypermelanotic condition that usually presents in adolescence, though childhood cases are seen less commonly. Congenital cases have been rarely reported. Nevus is usually unilateral having increased pigmentation and is characterized by hypertrichosis. It usually presents as a patch on back, proximal upper extremities, arms and upper trunk. Avacopan ic50 Becker's Nevus presenting as bilateral asymmetrical patch is rare. A case of 23 year's old male with bilateral hyperpigmentad patch over the back has been reported. The histological exams established the clinical hypothesis of Becker's Nevus.Intradiploic epidermoid cyst is an uncommon, benign, slow growing neoplasm that occurs between two tables of cranial bones and constitute 0.4% of all cranial epidermoid. It usually occurs due to the entrapped ectodermal embyronal remnants within the skull bones or rarely secondary to trauma. Pre-operative diagnosis on the basis of radiologic investigations is difficult. Complete surgically excision is usually required in order to prevent complications like super infection, intracranial rupture with pneumocephalus and rarely malignant degeneration. We are presenting a case of incompletely resected and chronically infected intradiploic epidermoid cyst of right parietal bone operated inadvertently by a general surgeon elsewhere without doing any radiological investigations.