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79, 95% CI = 0.75-0.84; I2 = 0%), and women with increasing parity. Furthermore, BC risk reduced in women with preeclampsia regardless of their menopausal status and the sex of their offspring.
Overall, women with preeclampsia have a decreased BC risk and increased ovarian cancer risk compared with the normal population. A subgroup analysis stratified by reproductive factors demonstrated that BC risk decreased in the preeclampsia population in parous women, women with full-term pregnancies, and women with increasing parity regardless of their menopausal status and the sex of their offspring.
Overall, women with preeclampsia have a decreased BC risk and increased ovarian cancer risk compared with the normal population. A subgroup analysis stratified by reproductive factors demonstrated that BC risk decreased in the preeclampsia population in parous women, women with full-term pregnancies, and women with increasing parity regardless of their menopausal status and the sex of their offspring.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) shows variable FDG uptake; recently, PET/CT with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-target radiotracers was demonstrated to be a promising tool in staging and restaging of RCC patients. We describe the case of a 77-year-old man with a lung metastasis of papillary RCC missed by CT scan who successfully underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT restaging. Targeted therapy with sunitinib was administered. A [68Ga]PSMA PET/CT performed during follow-up demonstrated, among the already known lesions, also a bone marrow metastasis, missed by previous CT scans. This case demonstrates that PET/CT molecular imaging with [18F]FDG and [68Ga]PSMA is superior to conventional imaging in RCC restaging and in assessing therapy response.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) shows variable FDG uptake; recently, PET/CT with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-target radiotracers was demonstrated to be a promising tool in staging and restaging of RCC patients. We describe the case of a 77-year-old man with a lung metastasis of papillary RCC missed by CT scan who successfully underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT restaging. Targeted therapy with sunitinib was administered. A [68Ga]PSMA PET/CT performed during follow-up demonstrated, among the already known lesions, also a bone marrow metastasis, missed by previous CT scans. This case demonstrates that PET/CT molecular imaging with [18F]FDG and [68Ga]PSMA is superior to conventional imaging in RCC restaging and in assessing therapy response.
The aim of this study was to study the feasibility of a fully integrated multiparametric imaging framework to characterize non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at 3-T PET/MRI.
An 18F-FDG PET/MRI multiparametric imaging framework was developed and prospectively applied to 11 biopsy-proven NSCLC patients. For each tumor, 12 parametric maps were generated, including PET full kinetic modeling, apparent diffusion coefficient, T1/T2 relaxation times, and DCE full kinetic modeling. Gaussian mixture model-based clustering was applied at the whole data set level to define supervoxels of similar multidimensional PET/MRI behaviors. Taking the multidimensional voxel behaviors as input and the supervoxel class as output, machine learning procedure was finally trained and validated voxelwise to reveal the dominant PET/MRI characteristics of these supervoxels at the whole data set and individual tumor levels.
The Gaussian mixture model-based clustering clustering applied at the whole data set level (17,316 voxels) found the era of precision medicine, the full capabilities of PET/MRI would give further insight of the characterization of NSCLC behavior, opening new avenues toward image-based personalized medicine in this field.
Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma in the trachea is a very rare tumor. A 40-year-old woman presented with persisting cough and wheezing over 2 months. A CT scan showed a mass in the tracheal wall. The bronchoscopic biopsy confirmed adenoid cystic carcinoma. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed to evaluate the tracheal mass, which showed an FDG-avid mass in the right posterior tracheal wall.
Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma in the trachea is a very rare tumor. A 40-year-old woman presented with persisting cough and wheezing over 2 months. A CT scan showed a mass in the tracheal wall. The bronchoscopic biopsy confirmed adenoid cystic carcinoma. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed to evaluate the tracheal mass, which showed an FDG-avid mass in the right posterior tracheal wall.
Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is characterized by a slow progressive cognitive decline, apraxia, myoclonus, dystonia, and parkinsonism. We experienced a rapidly progressing CBS patient (onset to bed-ridden within 2 years) presenting only with resting tremor but showing complete unilateral loss of dopamine transporter binding. This case exhibited distinct FDG PET findings involving the unilateral severe anterior frontal cortex, caudate nucleus, and contralateral cerebellum, which is different from classical CBS. However, to date, no detailed serial functional imaging study has been performed in rapidly progressing CBS, so these FDG PET and CIT PET findings may help clinicians to recognize this fulminant type of corticobasal degeneration.
Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is characterized by a slow progressive cognitive decline, apraxia, myoclonus, dystonia, and parkinsonism. We experienced a rapidly progressing CBS patient (onset to bed-ridden within 2 years) presenting only with resting tremor but showing complete unilateral loss of dopamine transporter binding. This case exhibited distinct FDG PET findings involving the unilateral severe anterior frontal cortex, caudate nucleus, and contralateral cerebellum, which is different from classical CBS. However, to date, no detailed serial functional imaging study has been performed in rapidly progressing CBS, so these FDG PET and CIT PET findings may help clinicians to recognize this fulminant type of corticobasal degeneration.
Subcutaneous Ewing sarcoma is very rare. This report presents the case of a 23-year-old woman with a history of primary subcutaneous Ewing sarcoma who recently found a gradually increasing mass. Recurrent subcutaneous Ewing sarcoma was thus suspected. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed and showed an FDG-avid mass in her buttocks. Subsequent histopathological and immunohistochemical tests were consistent with subcutaneous Ewing sarcoma.
Subcutaneous Ewing sarcoma is very rare. This report presents the case of a 23-year-old woman with a history of primary subcutaneous Ewing sarcoma who recently found a gradually increasing mass. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/--mk-801-maleate.html Recurrent subcutaneous Ewing sarcoma was thus suspected. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed and showed an FDG-avid mass in her buttocks. Subsequent histopathological and immunohistochemical tests were consistent with subcutaneous Ewing sarcoma.
Neuroimaging modalities such as contrast-enhanced MRI and PET provide significant insight in the evaluation of gliomas. However, their reliability in successfully differentiating the tumor recurrence with treatment-related changes is still technologically challenging. The current study aims to qualitatively investigate the potential of the hybrid PET/multiparametric MRI modality to noninvasively distinguish between these 2 outcomes of brain tumor diagnostics for optimum and early patient management.
A cohort of 26 suspected recurrent glioma cases proved on histology and/or clinicoradiological outcome forms the part of this study. A 3-point visual analytical scale was used to qualify lesions as recurrent or posttreatment radiation effects on PET, conventional MRI, dynamic susceptibility contrast-perfusion-weighted imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient, and the MR spectroscopy according to their level of suspicion.
Of the 26 patients, 21 patients were classified as recurrence and 5 as radiation necrosis. Advanced MRI parameters (perfusion, diffusion, and spectroscopy) integrated with 18F-DOPA PET imaging resulted in superior diagnostic performance obtained on visual assessment with an accuracy of 95%, sensitivity of 96%, and specificity approaching up to 100% over individual modalities.
The combination of multiple MR parameters evaluated together with 18F-DOPA PET offers an attractive approach to noninvasively distinguish true recurrence from radiation necrosis. However, further prospective studies with larger cohorts are warranted with additional neuropathological validations.
The combination of multiple MR parameters evaluated together with 18F-DOPA PET offers an attractive approach to noninvasively distinguish true recurrence from radiation necrosis. However, further prospective studies with larger cohorts are warranted with additional neuropathological validations.
This study reviews the mechanisms of HDL cholesterol immunomodulation in the context of the mechanisms of chronic inflammation and immunosuppression causing persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome (PICS) and describes potential therapies and gaps in current research.
Low HDL cholesterol is predictive of acute sepsis severity and outcome. Recent research has indicated apolipoprotein is a prognostic indicator of long-term outcomes. The pathobiologic mechanisms of PICS have been elucidated in the past several years. Recent research of the interaction of HDL pathways in related chronic inflammatory diseases may provide insights into further mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
HDL significantly influences innate and adaptive immune pathways relating to chronic disease and inflammation. Further research is needed to better characterize these interactions in the setting of PICS.
HDL significantly influences innate and adaptive immune pathways relating to chronic disease and inflammation. Further research is needed to better characterize these interactions in the setting of PICS.
We introduce the application of mandibular reconstruction with the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA)-based iliac bone flap. Until now, iliac bone flaps based on the SCIA have been used in relatively small bony and plane defects, such as in the orbital floor, maxilla, distal phalanx, and calcaneus. This flap has minimal donor-site morbidity compared with the conventional deep circumflex iliac artery flap, and it can be harvested simultaneously with tumor resection in most reconstructions, including those in the head and neck. A great advantage of the SCIA-based iliac bone flap is the thin and reliable large skin paddle that can be used for intraoral and lip defects. Although there are remaining problems to overcome, such as the blood circulation to the bone, this flap may be an option in mandibular reconstruction where there are large soft tissue defects, or where there is complicated peripheral arteriosclerosis or arterial abnormality.
We introduce the application of mandibular reconstruction with the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA)-based iliac bone flap. Until now, iliac bone flaps based on the SCIA have been used in relatively small bony and plane defects, such as in the orbital floor, maxilla, distal phalanx, and calcaneus. This flap has minimal donor-site morbidity compared with the conventional deep circumflex iliac artery flap, and it can be harvested simultaneously with tumor resection in most reconstructions, including those in the head and neck. A great advantage of the SCIA-based iliac bone flap is the thin and reliable large skin paddle that can be used for intraoral and lip defects. Although there are remaining problems to overcome, such as the blood circulation to the bone, this flap may be an option in mandibular reconstruction where there are large soft tissue defects, or where there is complicated peripheral arteriosclerosis or arterial abnormality.
