Adairrodgers1590

For the evaluation, we introduced a layer parameter defined by the ratio of the SH-SAW amplitude change to the SH-SAW velocity change caused by the antigen-antibody reaction. We found a correlation between the layer parameter and pseudo-varied molecular dimensions. The results suggest that SH-SAW does not only measure the mass and viscosity but can also measure the size of the molecule to be detected. This shows that SH-SAW biosensors can be used for advanced functionality.The real-time monitoring of the flow environment parameters, such as flow velocity and direction, helps to accurately analyze the effect of water scour and provide technical support for the maintenance of pier and abutment foundations in water. Based on the principle of the Fiber Brag Grating sensor, a sensor for monitoring the flow velocity and direction in real-time is designed in this paper. Meanwhile, the theoretical calculation formulas of flow velocity and direction are derived. The structural performance of the sensor is simulated and analyzed by finite element analysis. The performance requirements of different parts of the sensor are clarified. After a sample of the sensor is manufactured, calibration experiments are conducted to verify the function and test the accuracy of the sensor, and the experimental error is analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the sensor designed in this paper achieves a high accuracy for the flow with a flow velocity of 0.05-5 m/s and the flow velocity monitoring error is kept within 7%, while the flow direction monitoring error is kept within 2°. The sensor can meet the actual monitoring requirements of the structures in water and provide reliable data sources for water scour analysis.This paper investigates the electrochemical properties of a new Cu(II)-based metal-organic framework (MOF). Noted as Cu-YBDC, it is built upon a linker containing the propargyl carbamate functionality and immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode by drop-casting (GC/Cu-YBDC). Afterward, GC/Cu-YBDC was treated with HAuCl4 and the direct electro-deposition of Au nanoparticles was carried at 0.05 V for 600 s (GC/Au/Cu-YBDC). The performance of both electrodes towards nitrite oxidation was tested and it was found that GC/Au/Cu-YBDC exhibited a better electrocatalytic behavior toward the oxidation of nitrite than GC/Cu-YBDC with enhanced catalytic currents and a reduced nitrite overpotential from 1.20 to 0.90 V. Additionally GC/Au/Cu-YBDC showed a low limit of detection (5.0 μM), an ultrafast response time ( less then 2 s), and a wide linear range of up to 8 mM in neutral pH.In this paper, a displacement sensor with an electrically extremely small size and high sensitivity is proposed based on an elaborately designed metamaterial element, i.e., coupled split-ring resonators (SRRs). The sensor consists of a feeding structure with a rectangular opening loop and a sensing structure with double-layer coupled SRRs. The movable double-layer structures can be used to measure the relative displacement. The size of microwave displacement sensors can be significantly reduced due to the compact feeding and sensing structures. Adenosine disodium triphosphate concentration By adjusting the position of the split gap within the resonator, the detection directions of the displacement sensing can be further expanded accordingly (along with the x- or y-axis) without increasing its physical size. Compared with previous works, the extremely compact size of 0.05λ0 × 0.05λ0 (λ0 denotes the free-space wavelength), a high sensitivity, and a high quality factor (Q-factor) can be achieved by the proposed sensor. From the perspective of the advantages above, the proposed sensor holds promise for being applied in many high-precision industrial measurement scenarios.Optical wireless communication (OWC) is one of the promising candidates for beyond fifth-generation communication (B5G). Depending on the type of transmitters, receivers, and information carriers applied in the system, OWC can be categorized into visible light communication, light fidelity, free-space optical communication, optical camera communication, etc. In addition to these OWC subcategories, this paper proposes light-emitting diode (LED)-to-LED communication as another subcategory of OWC technique. Furthermore, we show an experimental demonstration of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) LED-to-LED communication system using red, green, and blue colored LEDs. We believe that LED-to-LED communication is an effective solution to resolve the communication burden arising from massive connectivity in B5G internet of things. Along with the measurement results of the transmitter LED, receiver LED, and the channel properties, it is shown that the MIMO LED-to-LED system is able to successfully recover the transmitted signal with low inter-channel interferences due to the receiver LED's unique characteristics. Finally, the bit error rate (BER) performance of the MIMO LED-to-LED system is shown in comparison with the BER performance of the single-input single-output (SISO) LED-to-LED system. We successfully implemented the 3 × 3 MIMO LED-to-LED communication system using RGB colors at a data rate of 30.62 kbps over a 10 cm transmission distance along with direct current biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) modulation and zero-forcing (ZF) equalizer.Antennas are essentially transducers, as they convert electromagnetic fields into signals and vice versa [...].Microjoining technologies are crucial for producing reliable electrical connections in modern microelectronic and optoelectronic devices, as well as for the assembly of electronic circuits, sensors, and batteries. However, the production of miniature sensors presents particular difficulties, due to their non-standard designs, unique functionality and applications in various environments. One of the main challenges relates to the fact that common methods such as reflow soldering or wave soldering cannot be applied to making joints to the materials used for the sensing layers (oxides, polymers, graphene, metallic layers) or to the thin metallic layers that act as contact pads. This problem applies especially to sensors designed to work at cryogenic temperatures. In this paper, we demonstrate a new method for the dynamic soldering of outer leads in the form of metallic strips made from thin metallic layers on ceramic substrates. These leads can be used as contact pads in sensors working in a wide temperature range.