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The spread of COVID-19 poses a threat to humanity, as this pandemic has forced many global activities to close, including educational activities. To reduce the spread of the virus, education institutions have been forced to switch to e-learning using available educational platforms, despite the challenges facing this sudden transformation. In order to further explore the potentials challenges facing learning activities, the focus of this study is on e-learning from students' and instructor's perspectives on using and implementing e-learning systems in a public university during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study targets the society that includes students and teaching staff in the Information Technology (IT) faculty at the University of Benghazi. The descriptive-analytical approach was applied and the results were analyzed by statistical methods. Two types of questionnaires were designed and distributed, i.e., the student questionnaire and the instructor questionnaire. Four dimensions have been highlighted to reach the expected results, i.e., the extent of using e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, advantages, disadvantages and obstacles of implementing E-learning in the IT faculty. Selleckchem Lartesertib By analyzing the results, we achieved encouraging results that throw light on some of the issues, challenges and advantages of using e-learning systems instead of traditional education in higher education in general and during emergency periods.Twenty years after the WSIS, even as multi-stakeholder governance models in the domain have been stripped of any claim to their democratic potential, global digital governance is in shambles. Norm-building for the digital paradigm is increasingly shifting to plurilateral spaces and private sector-led rule-making in the guise of technical standards development. The UN Secretary-General's Roadmap for Digital Cooperation (2020) has failed to address this crisis. The paper argues for how in its 75th year, the UN needs to make a clean break from its historical soft-pedalling of corporatized rule-making for the digital by embracing the radical agenda of a transformative global constitutionalism, and proceeds to outline its constituent elements.

Gastric pull-up (GPU) procedures may be complicated by leaks, fistulas, or stenoses. These complications are usually managed by endoscopy, but in extreme cases multidisciplinary management including reoperation may be necessary. Here, we report a combined endoscopic and surgical approach to manage a failed secondary GPU procedure.

A 70-year-old male with treatment-refractory cervical esophagocutaneous fistula with stenotic remnant esophagus after secondary GPU was transferred to our tertiary hospital. Local and systemic infection originating from the infected fistula was resolved by endoscopy. Hence, elective esophageal reconstruction with free-jejunal interposition was performed with no subsequent adverse events.

A multidisciplinary approach involving interventional endoscopists and surgeons successfully managed severe complications arising from a cervical esophagocutaneous fistula after GPU. Endoscopic treatment may have lowered the perioperative risk to promote primary wound healing after free-jejunal graft interposition.

A multidisciplinary approach involving interventional endoscopists and surgeons successfully managed severe complications arising from a cervical esophagocutaneous fistula after GPU. Endoscopic treatment may have lowered the perioperative risk to promote primary wound healing after free-jejunal graft interposition.

Mucosal healing (MH) has emerged as a key therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and achievement of this goal is documented by endoscopy with biopsy. However, colonoscopy is burdensome and invasive, and substitution with an accurate noninvasive biomarker is desirable.

To summarize published data regarding the performance of noninvasive biomarkers in assessing MH in IBD patients.

We conducted a systematic review of studies that reported the performance of biomarkers in diagnosing MH in patients with IBD. The main outcome measure was to review the diagnostic accuracy of serum and fecal markers that showed promising utility in assessing MH.

We screened 1301 articles, retrieved 46 manuscripts and included 23 articles for full-text analysis. The majority of the included manuscripts referred to fecal markers (12/23), followed by circulatory markers (8/23); only 3/23 of the included manuscripts investigated combined markers (serum and/or fecal markers). Fecal calprotectin (FC) was the most investigated fecal marker for assessing MH. In ulcerative colitis, for cutoff levels ranging between 58 mcg/g and 490 mcg/g, the sensitivity was 89.7%-100% and the specificity was 62%-93.3%. For Crohn's disease, the cutoff levels of FC ranged from 71 mcg/g to 918 mcg/g (sensitivity 50%-95.9% and specificity 52.3%-100%). The best performance for a serum marker was observed for the endoscopic healing index, which showed a comparable accuracy to the measurement of FC and a higher accuracy than the measurement of serum C-reactive protein.

Several promising biomarkers of MH are emerging but cannot yet substitute for endoscopy with biopsy due to issues with reproducibility and standardization.

Several promising biomarkers of MH are emerging but cannot yet substitute for endoscopy with biopsy due to issues with reproducibility and standardization.

With improved survival in gastric cancer patients, health-related quality of life has become an important clinical endpoint alongside primary oncological outcomes.

To investigate health-related quality of life after various surgical procedures for gastric cancer treatment.

The validated Slovenian version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and its gastric cancer-specific module (QLQ STO-22) was sent for self-completion to patients that underwent curative resection for gastric adenocarcinoma between January 2014 and December 2018 at our centre. In total, 116 patients responded. Scores were compared between patients after subtotal distal

total gastrectomy and patients after subtotal distal gastrectomy with Billroth II

Roux-en-Y reconstruction.

Interestingly, the extent of resection did not influence daily functioning; however, more dysphagia and eating restrictions were reported in patients after total gastrectomy when compared to patients after subtotal distal gastrectomy.