Acevedolund0820

Thirty-five per cent of time-loss injuries resulted in over 28 days of modified dance training. A greater percentage of time-loss injuries were classified as overuse (women 50%; men 51%) compared with traumatic (women 40%; men 41%).

This is the first study to report the incidence rate of medical attention and time-loss injuries in professional ballet dancers. Incidence rates differed across company ranks and months, which may inform targeted injury prevention strategies.

This is the first study to report the incidence rate of medical attention and time-loss injuries in professional ballet dancers. Incidence rates differed across company ranks and months, which may inform targeted injury prevention strategies.Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, expressions and identities of girls, women, boys, men and gender diverse people. Gender-related factors are seldom assessed as determinants of health outcomes, despite their powerful contribution. The Gender Outcomes INternational Group to Further Well-being Development (GOING-FWD) project developed a standard five-step methodology applicable to retrospectively identify gender-related factors and assess their relationship to outcomes across selected cohorts of non-communicable chronic diseases from Austria, Canada, Spain, Sweden. Step 1 (identification of gender-related variables) Based on the gender framework of the Women Health Research Network (ie, identity, role, relations and institutionalised gender), and available literature for a certain disease, an optimal 'wish-list' of gender-related variables was created and discussed by experts. Step 2 (definition of outcomes) Data dictionaries were screened for clinical and patient-relevant outcomes, using the International Consortium for Health Outcome Measurement framework. Step 3 (building of feasible final list) a cross-validation between variables per database and the 'wish-list' was performed. Step 4 (retrospective data harmonisation) The harmonisation potential of variables was evaluated. Step 5 (definition of data structure and analysis) The following analytic strategies were identified (1) local analysis of data not transferable followed by a meta-analysis combining study-level estimates; (2) centrally performed federated analysis of data, with the individual-level participant data remaining on local servers; (3) synthesising the data locally and performing a pooled analysis on the synthetic data and (4) central analysis of pooled transferable data. The application of the GOING-FWD multistep approach can help guide investigators to analyse gender and its impact on outcomes in previously collected data.

To investigate the concordance between aqueous and vitreous tap culture results among different types of bacterial endophthalmitis.

This retrospective cohort analysis included all cases diagnosed with endophthalmitis at Moorfields Eye Hospital between January 2008 and March 2020. Aqueous and vitreous samples obtained simultaneously at presentation. Samples were evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values.

A total of 217 patients (217 eyes) were included in the study. Postsurgical endophthalmitis was the most common type of endophthalmitis and diagnosed in 35.9% of the cases. The rate of positive culture results was 32.2% from vitreous tap and 21.7% from aqueous tap. The culture yield through vitreous sampling was 15.7% when aqueous culture results were negative, and in 5.1%, the aqueous sample was positive when the vitreous tap results were negative. Considering the vitreous tap as the gold standard, aqueous sample culture results showed a statistically significant himples should also be obtained as an adjunct for the diagnosis.

Data on serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and drug levels in patients with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) following intravitreal injections of conbercept (IVC) are lacking.

Multicentre, prospective, non-randomised study of patients with aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP) or type 1 ROP who had not received other treatment. SF1670 ic50 All infants received therapy in both eyes plus intravitreal IVC 0.25 mg/0.025 mL in one eye and had at least 6 months of follow-up. Blood samples were collected before and 1 week and 4 weeks after IVC. The main outcome measures were serum conbercept and VEGF concentrations.

Forty infants with APROP or type 1 ROP were enrolled. The mean serum VEGF at baseline and 1 week and 4 weeks after a total of 0.25 mg of IVC was 953.35±311.90 pg/mL, 303.46±181.89 pg/mL and 883.12±303.89 pg/mL, respectively. Serum VEGF 1 week after IVC was significantly lower (p

0.05) than baseline, and at 4 weeks after IVC, it was significantly higher (p

0.05) than at 1 week. There was no significant difference (p

0.05) between baseline and 4 weeks. Serum conbercept was below the limit of quantitation (BLOQ) at baseline and 4 weeks and was 19.81±7.60 ng/mL at 1 week.

Serum VEGF 1 week after IVC was significantly lower than baseline but returned to baseline at 4 weeks. Serum conbercept increased at 1 week and was BLOQ at 4 weeks.

Serum VEGF 1 week after IVC was significantly lower than baseline but returned to baseline at 4 weeks. Serum conbercept increased at 1 week and was BLOQ at 4 weeks.

To assess whether incorporating a machine learning (ML) method for accurate prediction of postoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) improves the refraction prediction performance of existing intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas.

A dataset of 4806 patients with cataract was gathered at the Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, and split into a training set (80% of patients, 5761 eyes) and a testing set (20% of patients, 961 eyes). A previously developed ML-based method was used to predict the postoperative ACD based on preoperative biometry. This ML-based postoperative ACD was integrated into new effective lens position (ELP) predictions using regression models to rescale the ML output for each of four existing formulas (Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay and SRK/T). The performance of the formulas with ML-modified ELP was compared using a testing dataset. Performance was measured by the mean absolute error (MAE) in refraction prediction.

When the ELP was replaced with a linear combination of the original ELP and the ML-predicted ELP, the MAEs±SD (in Diopters) in the testing set were 0.356±0.329 for Haigis, 0.352±0.319 for Hoffer Q, 0.371±0.336 for Holladay, and 0.361±0.331 for SRK/T which were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those of the original formulas 0.373±0.328 for Haigis, 0.408±0.337 for Hoffer Q, 0.384±0.341 for Holladay and 0.394±0.351 for SRK/T.

Using a more accurately predicted postoperative ACD significantly improves the prediction accuracy of four existing IOL power formulas.

Using a more accurately predicted postoperative ACD significantly improves the prediction accuracy of four existing IOL power formulas.

Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in human retinal biopsies (RBs) was previously reported by us. In this consecutive study, we analysed RB and optic nerve biopsies (ONBs) in deceased patients with confirmed COVID-19 assessing viral RNA load, possible virus replication and infectivity.

In this case series, 14 eyes of 14 deceased patients with COVID-19 were enucleated during autopsy. RB and ONB were subjected to molecular detection of viral RNA, virus cultivation and immunohistochemistry. SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads were compared with RNA loads in the respective throat swabs, vitreous humour and blood samples.

SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 7/14 RBs and in 10/13 ONBs. While virus isolation failed and immunohistochemistry of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was negative, subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) was detectable (40% RB; 60% ONB).

SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detectable in RB and ONB of patients with COVID-19. link2 Presence of sgRNA could point to a SARS-CoV-2 infection of neuronal tissue, but as virus isolation failed and immunohistochemistry of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was negative, an active infection seems unlikely.

SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detectable in RB and ONB of patients with COVID-19. Presence of sgRNA could point to a SARS-CoV-2 infection of neuronal tissue, but as virus isolation failed and immunohistochemistry of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was negative, an active infection seems unlikely.

To characterise clinical outcomes following selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in eyes of Afro-Caribbean patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) at high risk for progression.

In a prospective interventional case series, patients meeting high-risk criteria (advanced disease, unilateral glaucoma blindness, inadequate intraocular pressure (IOP) on

2 medications, recent progression on medications, inability to administer, afford or tolerate medications) underwent bilateral 360° SLT and managed based on their subsequent clinical course. Patient-specific indications for SLT-IOP reduction (IOP group) or reduced reliance on medical therapy (MED group)-were recorded before treatment. IOP and medication use were recorded every 3-4 months through up to 24 months of follow-up. Outcomes were analysed separately in the IOP and MED groups.

Among 33 right eyes (left eye outcomes were similar) in the IOP group, mean (SD) IOP was significantly reduced from 21.7 (7.5) mm Hg to 16.2-17.1 mm Hg over follow-up (p

0.0177); medication use remained unchanged (p>0.05) at all time points. link3 Among 36 right eyes in the MED group, mean medication use was 1.9 (0.9) at baseline and ranged from 1.2 to 1.4 medications per eye through follow-up (p

0.0033), and mean IOP was significantly reduced at months 1-6 (to 13.1 (2.3) mm Hg, p=0.0013), months 13-18 (to 14.3 (2.8), p=0.0136) and unchanged at other time points. No vision-threatening adverse events occurred.

Afro-Caribbean patients with OAG at risk for progression can achieve clinically and statistically significant reductions in IOP or medications through up to 24 months following a single 360° SLT treatment.

NCT02375009.

NCT02375009.

To characterise macular neovascularisation (MNV) developing in eyes affected by geographic atrophy (GA).

In this multicentric longitudinal study involving three retina referral centres, patients previously affected by GA who developed an active MNV were included. Patients were investigated using structural optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence, OCT-angiography and dye angiographies. Patients were treated with ProReNata antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections and were revaluated after treatment.

Among 512 patients previously diagnosed with GA, 40 eyes of 40 patients (mean age 80.8±7.9 years, mean GA area 8.73±7.39 mm

) presented with treatment-naïve exudative MNV (accounting for an estimated prevalence of 7.81%; 5.49 to 10.13, 95% CIs) and thus were included in the analysis. 67.5% of MNVs were classified as type 2 MNV, 25% as type 1, 2.5% as type 3 and 5% as mixed phenotype. In 92.5% of cases, active MNV in GA showed subretinal hyperreflective material with or without evidence of subretinal/intraretinal hyporeflective exudation. During a mean follow-up of 28±25 months, patients were treated with 6.6±6.3 anti-VEGF injections, with 2.9±1.4 injections in the first year of treatment. No patient developed GA enlargement in the area of MNV.

MNVs in GA showed different features and therapeutic response in comparison to previously reported features of MNV in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) without GA. For these reasons, the combined phenotype (ie, GA with neovascular AMD) should be considered as a distinct entity in the research and clinical setting.

MNVs in GA showed different features and therapeutic response in comparison to previously reported features of MNV in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) without GA. For these reasons, the combined phenotype (ie, GA with neovascular AMD) should be considered as a distinct entity in the research and clinical setting.