Acevedoconway6194

Gas plasmas, created in atmospheric pressure conditions, both thermal (hot) and non-thermal (cold) are emerging as useful tools in medicine. During surgery, hot gas plasmas are useful to reduce thermal damage and seal blood vessels. Gas plasma pens use cold gas plasma to produce reactive chemical species with selective action against cancers, which can be readily exposed in surgery or treated from outside of the body. Solutions activated by cold gas plasma have potential as a novel treatment modality for treatment of less readily accessible tumours, or those with high metastatic potential. This review summarises the preclinical and clinical trial evidence currently available, as well as the challenges for translation of direct gas plasma and gas plasma-activated solution treatment into regular practice.This paper employs a recently constructed consumption-based carbon dioxide emissions data in which emissions computations are made based on fossil fuel usage domestically, in addition to emissions emanating from imports minus exports. We contrast this measure with the commonly measured territory-based carbon dioxide emissions data and examine how trade performance (split into imports, exports, and total trade) impacts these two measures of carbon dioxide. We focus on 22 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 1995-2014. Employing the system generalized method of moments, we find trade to generally have positive effect on emissions. The results are consistent across the different measures of trade and carbon dioxide emissions. The results of the paper allow us to give some policy suggestions regarding carbon dioxide emissions in sub-Saharan Africa.School resilience is characterized as risk management techniques to build a safe environment for students. Recognizing the need of building disaster resilience for the education sector, this study is aimed at assessing flood disaster resilience of elementary schools in four extremely vulnerable districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. This paper established the assessment tool by incorporating climate resilience indices and 16 tasks of the Hyogo Framework for action designed for the education sector. It discusses four dimensions physical conditions of elementary schools, human resources, institutional issues, and external relationships, each with three parameters and five variables. The data were obtained for 60 variables from 20 randomly selected elementary schools. Indicators of resilience were identified, and an index-based approach was used to get the composite values of the four dimensions of resilience. Correlations between the dimensions, components, and indicators were also checked in therespect, disaster managers, public and private education sectors, school staff, students, and parents need to establish synergies to devise a comprehensive plan of action to enhance disaster education.Surface sediments from the Danshui River basin were collected and analyzed for persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs). The total concentrations of each category ranged from 96 to 3803 ng g-1 for PAHs, 0.02 to 54.9 ng g-1 for PCBs, and from below the detection limit to 10.3 ng g-1 for DDTs. These values are within the ranges observed for river and estuarine sediments of industrial and urbanized areas in Taiwan and worldwide. A decreasing trend of POP levels was observed in comparison with the levels reported in previous studies. Significant correlations between the levels of compounds and black carbon (BC) were found, suggesting that these POPs and BC may have similar transport processes. Based on sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the ecological risk posed by these POPs toward sediment-dwelling organisms in the Danshui River basin is relatively low. Long-term monitoring of contaminant levels is necessary to develop appropriate management tools due to the importance of the Danshui river basin as a water source for metropolitan areas.Microbes play an important role in the biotransformation of arsenic (As) speciation in various environments. Nevertheless, whether epiphytic bacteria that attached on submerged macrophytes have the potential to influence As speciation still remains unclear. In this study, sterile or nonsterile Myriophyllum verticillatum was cultured with arsenite (As(III)) or arsenate (As(V)) to investigate the impact of epiphytic bacterial community on As uptake, transformation, and efflux. Results showed that both sterile and nonsterile M. verticillatum did not display substantial As(III) oxidation, suggesting that neither M. verticillatum nor epiphytic bacterial community has the capacities of As(III) oxidation. Avadomide E3 Ligase inhibitor However, sterile M. verticillatum exhibited capacity for As(V) reduction, and the presence of epiphytic bacterial community substantially enhanced the proportions of As(III) in the medium (from 39.91 to 98.44%), indicating that epiphytic bacterial community contributes significantly to As(V) reduction in the medium. The presence of epiphytic bacterial community elevated As accumulation (by up to 2.06-fold) in plants when exposed to As(V). Results also showed that epiphytic bacterial community contributed little to As(III) efflux. Quantitative PCR of As metabolism genes revealed the dominance of the respiratory As(V) reductase genes (arrA) in epiphytic bacterial community, which might play a significant role in As(V) reduction in aquatic environments. Phylogenetic analysis of the arrA genes revealed the widely distribution and diversity of As(V)-respiring bacteria. These results highlighted the substantial impact of the epiphytic bacterial community associated with submerged aquatic macrophytes on As biogeochemistry in wetland and water environments.For examining the short-run and long-run asymmetric effect of oil prices on stock prices, recent literature uses standard nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model. However, this model decomposes oil price series into partial sum of positive and negative changes only and fails to examine the effect of extreme changes in the oil price series on stock prices. This study, therefore, extends the existing literature by focusing on the emerging seven countries, i.e., Brazil, India, Russia, China, Mexico, Indonesia, and Turkey, and uses multiple threshold nonlinear ARDL model. This extended model helps to examine the asymmetric effect of extremely small to extremely large changes in the oil price series on stock prices. The estimates from standard nonlinear ARDL model indicate that, in the short run, oil prices significantly and asymmetrically affect stock prices in the context of Russia, Indonesia, and India only, whereas in the long run, insignificant effect is found for all sample countries. On the contrary, multiple threshold nonlinear ARDL model supports asymmetric effect in long run and short run for all sample countries where this effect is stronger in short run.