Abramspatrick1187

Hypersensitivity to sound and tinnitus are often co-morbid and can influence emotional well-being, hearing, sleep, concentration, cause anxiety, and interfere with speech perception in noise.

A clear measure of sensitivity to sound is important as there is dearth in standard protocol for evaluating hyperacusis in individuals with tinnitus. Although there are a few questionnaires to assess hyperacusis, a direct application of these questionnaires in the Indian context would be unfavorable.

The study attempts to develop and validate an indigenous Hyperacusis Handicap Questionnaire (HHQ) for individuals with tinnitus associated with hyperacusis.

A total of 25 questions were considered for validation. Further, 21 questions were subdivided into three sections of seven questions each, tapping, 'Functional,' 'Social,' and 'Emotional' aspects of the condition. It was administered on 77 individuals with tinnitus associated with hyperacusis in the age range of 20-55 years for further validation. A total score was obtained by adding all the three sub-scales.

The internal consistency of the questionnaire was determined by Cronbach's Alpha (α) was α=0.85; and, α=0.83 for Functional, α=0.81 for Social, α=0.7 for Emotional subscales suggesting that the questionnaire can be used for the assessment of handicap associated with hyperacusis in individuals with tinnitus. Also, no significant difference in terms of gender and duration of tinnitus comparisons were seen.

The obtained results suggest that HHQ will aid in the characterization and quantification of the handicap associated with hyperacusis in individuals with tinnitus.

The obtained results suggest that HHQ will aid in the characterization and quantification of the handicap associated with hyperacusis in individuals with tinnitus.

Self-directed training represents a challenge in simulation-based training as low cognitive effort can occur when learners overrate their own level of performance. This study aims to explore the mechanisms underlying the positive effects of a structured self-assessment intervention during simulation-based training of mastoidectomy.

A prospective, educational cohort study of a novice training program consisting of directed, self-regulated learning with distributed practice (5x3 procedures) in a virtual reality temporal bone simulator. The intervention consisted of structured self-assessment after each procedure using a rating form supported by small videos. Semi-structured telephone interviews upon completion of training were conducted with 13 out of 15 participants. Interviews were analysed using directed content analysis and triangulated with quantitative data on secondary task reaction time for cognitive load estimation and participants' self-assessment scores.

Six major themes were identified in the interviews goal-directed behaviour, use of learning supports for scaffolding of the training, cognitive engagement, motivation from self-assessment, self-assessment bias, and feedback on self-assessment (validation). Participants seemed to self-regulate their learning by forming individual sub-goals and strategies within the overall goal of the procedure. They scaffolded their learning through the available learning supports. Finally, structured self-assessment was reported to increase the participants' cognitive engagement, which was further supported by a quantitative increase in cognitive load.

Structured self-assessment in simulation-based surgical training of mastoidectomy seems to promote cognitive engagement and motivation in the learning task and to facilitate self-regulated learning.

Structured self-assessment in simulation-based surgical training of mastoidectomy seems to promote cognitive engagement and motivation in the learning task and to facilitate self-regulated learning.

There is an annual incidence of 50,000 glioma cases in Europe. The optimal treatment strategy is highly personalised, depending on tumour type, grade, spatial localization, and the degree of tissue infiltration. In research settings, advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown great promise as a tool to inform personalised treatment decisions. However, the use of advanced MRI in clinical practice remains scarce due to the downstream effects of siloed glioma imaging research with limited representation of MRI specialists in established consortia; and the associated lack of available tools and expertise in clinical settings. These shortcomings delay the translation of scientific breakthroughs into novel treatment strategy. As a response we have developed the network "Glioma MR Imaging 2.0" (GliMR) which we present in this article.

GliMR aims to build a pan-European and multidisciplinary network of experts and accelerate the use of advanced MRI in glioma beyond the current "state-of-the-art" in glioma imaging. The Action Glioma MR Imaging 2.0 (GliMR) was granted funding by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) in June 2019.

GliMR's first grant period ran from September 2019 to April 2020, during which several meetings were held and projects were initiated, such as reviewing the current knowledge on advanced MRI; developing a General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliant consent form; and setting up the website.

The Action overcomes the pre-existing limitations of glioma research and is funded until September 2023. New members will be accepted during its entire duration.

The Action overcomes the pre-existing limitations of glioma research and is funded until September 2023. Brincidofovir datasheet New members will be accepted during its entire duration.Sarcopenia is often regarded as an early sign of weakness and is the core element of muscle weakness in elderly individuals. Sarcopenia is closely related to the reduction of exercise, and elderly individuals often suffer from decreased muscle mass and function due to a lack of exercise. At present, studies have confirmed that resistance and aerobic exercise are related to muscle mass, strength and fiber type and to the activation and proliferation of muscle stem cells (MuSCs). Increasing evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in exercise-related changes in the quantity, composition and function of skeletal muscle. At the cellular level, miRNAs have been shown to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells. In addition, miRNAs are related to the composition and transformation of muscle fibers and involved in the transition of MuSCs from the resting state to the activated state. Therefore, exercise may delay sarcopenia in elderly individuals by regulating miRNAs in skeletal muscle.