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l judgment and evidence-based care. © 2019 Hesamedin Askari-Majdabadi, Ali Valinejadi, Ali Mohammadpour, Hamid Bouraghi, Zahra Abbasy, Sefollah Alaei.Introduction The successful implementation of Hospital Information Systems (HIS) depends on user acceptance. Nurses are the largest group of HIS users in hospitals. This study aims to evaluate some factors may affect the utilization of the Hospital Information System. Aim To explore factors that contribute to using of Hospital Information System. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 325 nurses from training Hospitals affiliated with Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (LUMS) were chosen. A valid and reliable structured questionnaire based on Technology Acceptance Model 1&2 and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology was used as the data collection tool. Proteasome inhibitor Descriptive statistics, Correlations analysis, multiple regression analysis, path analysis technique, Structure Equation Model using AMOS software was used to examine factors that influenced the Adoption of Hospital Information System. Results The findings indicate a significant direct relationship between Management Support and Perceived Usefulness of HIS. Perceived Usefulness has a significant effect on attitudes. While there was no significant effect of perceived ease of use on attitude. Attitude has a significant effect on behavioral intention. Conclusion This research provides a tool to realize what factors undertake the behavioral intention of healthcare professionals to use hospital information system and how this may affect future use. © 2019 Hosein Barzekar, Farzad Ebrahimzadeh, Jake Luo, Mahtab Karami, Zahra Robati, Parvin Goodarzi.Introduction Computer Engineering Students (CES) and Medical Students (MS) will actively participate in the management of health information system in the future. Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the views of CES and MS about the patient privacy and security of health information systems. Methods The participants of this cross-sectional study were the 3rd and 4th year CES of Marmara University, (n=163, F/M71/92) and the 5th and 6th year MS of Marmara University (n=65, F/M38/27). The data were collected via questionnaire comprising questions and statements about patient information security and confidentiality. Responses were prepared on the basis of 5 Point Likert Scale. Results During the assessment of the questionnaires, it was observed that the statement "Health records should be accessible to the other health workers besides the physician" discomforted more CES (93,3%) than MS (78,5%) (p=0.003). A similar proportion was observed about "On-line communication with the physician" more CES (87,1%) prefer to communicate with the physician via electronic media than do the MS (66,2%) (p=0.001). Another significant point to be noted about the questionnaire results was that slightly more CES (40,5%) favor restrictions on the accessibility of "personal correspondance information" than MS (35,4%) (p>0.05). Conclusion In the future, CES, who will be both internal and external stakeholders of the multi-disciplinary structure of healthcare management, thought that problems regarding security and privacy may occur. Therefore, the relation between health information system and the occupational education and training of CES and MS are extremely important through the perspective in healthcare management. © 2019 Esra Sevimli, Elif Naz Altingoz, Nur Şisman Kitapci, Okan Cem Kitapci, Leyla Koksal, Meral Yay, Pınar Kilic Aksu, Gonca Mumcu.Conjoined twins are derived from the division of a single fertilized ovum; a phenomenon accompanied with multiple congenital anomalies. Such twins are identical, of the same sex, and more likely to be female. Most twins die during the embryonic period, and only 18% survive longer than 24 hours. There are complex anomalies in thoraco-omphalopagus twins that makes them unlikely to live long enough to undergo separation. Treatment of this uncommon condition presents both surgical and anesthetic challenges. The management of rare anomalies is difficult even for skilled surgeons. Therefore, it is logical to use the knowledge gained from previous experiences. We herein present the first successful surgical separation of two pairs of thoraco-omphalopagus conjoined twins at the Pediatric Surgery Center of Namazi Hospital (Shiraz, Iran). In both cases, the neonates had separate hearts and common pericardium. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of two sets of twins showed fusion of sternum, pericardium, diaphragm, and left lobe of liver. Critical steps of the surgical separation were identified and contingency plans were made for possible partial liver donation and cross-circulation between twins. The separation procedure and reconstruction of the abdominal wall were successfully performed. Both pairs of twins, now 6- and 8-year-old, are healthy and have normal growth and are under follow-up. Copyright © Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences.Resistant ovary syndrome (ROS) is a presentation of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism condition with very low incidence. Infertility is one of the most common complaints of women with this syndrome. We herein present a case of a 27-year-old woman with all features of secondary amenorrhea and secondary sexual characteristics. In 2018, the patient was referred to the Hazret-e-Zeinab Infertility Center affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. She was diagnosed with secondary amenorrhea and increased gonadotropin secretion after menopause. However, the patient had a normal antral follicle count, anti-Müllerian hormone level, 46, XX karyotype, and thyroid function. After taking oral contraceptives her menstruation started, but she showed no response to high doses of exogenous gonadotropins. She was advised to have an embryo derived from in vitro maturation. By using patients' own oocyte maturation, this technique could be a better treatment for infertile women with ROS. This case report is particularly interesting due to the rarity of its prevalence and similarity with primary ovarian insufficiency. Copyright © Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences.Background Kidney stone disease can be quite painful, recurrent, and affects many people. Despite advances in drug therapy, there is still a need to find effective drugs with fewer complications for long-term treatment of kidney stones and to prevent its recurrence. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Prunus Mahaleb L. seed extract on ethylene glycol- and ammonium chloride-induced urolithiasis in BALB/c mice. Methods The Prunus Mahaleb L. seeds were collected in Mashhad (Iran) in June 2017. Urolithiasis was induced in male BALB/c mice by adding ethylene glycol (EG) 0.75% (v/v) and ammonium chloride (AC) 2% (w/v) to their drinking water for 21 consecutive days. A total of 72 animals were randomly divided into six groups of twelve animals each. Group 1 received purified water as control; group 2 received EG+AC in drinking water; groups 3-5 received the extracts by gavage in dosages of 100, 300, 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively; and group 6 received 888 mg/kg Sankol by gavage. Note that urolithiasis was induced in groups 3-6 in the same manner as in group 2. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism Software (version 5.01). Results The group receiving Prunus Mahaleb L. extract in a 500 mg/kg dose responded better to the treatment and less damage to the kidney tissue was observed. The serum parameters remarkably decreased in the calculi-induced animals. Besides, the acute toxicity test showed that the use of the extract was safe in animals. Conclusion The results showed that the use of Prunus Mahaleb L. extract effectively prevented the formation of kidney stones. Copyright © Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences.Background To date, more than 90 Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) capsular serotypes are known. The prevalence of these serotypes varies according to the geographical area and the regional vaccination program. Due to the lack of regular vaccination programs for S. pneumoniae in developing countries, serotyping of the prevalent isolates is useful in selecting the correct vaccine. The present study aimed to evaluate common serotypes of pneumococcal meningitis in Bojnurd, Iran. Methods All cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) samples suspected for bacterial meningitis were analyzed. The samples were collected during 2014-2018 in the Laboratory of Imam Reza Hospital (Bojnurd, Iran). Due to the high rate of false-negative cultures, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the detection of lytA and psaA genes of S. pneumoniae. In addition, the modified Marimon's PCR method was used for serotyping the bacteria. The data were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test. Results Out of the 901 CSF samples, 106 cases tested positive for S. pneumoniae using the PCR method, while only 92 cases tested positive using the conventional methods. Based on the Marimon's PCR method, serotypes 23F, 19F, 19A, 1, 14, and serogroup 6A/B were the most common types. Serogroups 18C, 15A/F, 15B/C, 9A/V, 7A/F, 11A/D/F, and 22A/F were also detected in isolates. Note that 2.8% of the samples were non-typable (NT). Conclusion The results showed that only 13 serotypes were responsible for all meningitis cases. Pneumococcal capsular vaccine-13 (PCV-13) is the preferred choice against common serotypes of S. pneumoniae in northeast Iran.The abstract was presented in Iran's 19th International Congress of Microbiology, as a poster and published in the congress abstracts book. Copyright © Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences.Background Recurrent hydatidiform moles (RHMs) are an unusual pregnancy with at least two molar gestations that are associated with abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic tissue and a failure in the embryonic tissues development. Three maternal-effect genes, including NLRP7, KHDC3L, and PADI6 have been identified as the cause of RHMs. The present study aimed to understand the association of a founder mutation with the incidence and prevalence of a disease in different individuals of a population. Methods 14 unrelated Iranian patients with recurrent reproductive wastage, including at least two HMs, entered this study. In order to find a possible mutation in KHDC3L, all the 14 samples were Sanger sequenced. For haplotype analysis, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected with highest Minor Allele Frequency along KHDC3L. Results A common KHDC3L mutation with the same haplotype was identified in four out of 14 patients with RHM. Regarding the present study, c.1A>G is the highest reported mutation in KHDC3L so far and is also the first report of the homozygous state that has led to RHM. Conclusion c.1A>G mutation in KHDC3L is the highest reported mutation around the world. Our data also demonstrated the presence of founder effects for this particular mutation in Iranian populations. These data suggest that the high frequency of this mutation is potentially responsible for a higher rate of RHM in Iran. Copyright © Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences.Background Although pregnancy and childbirth are physiological processes, fear of childbirth is a common problem that is often associated with requests for cesarean delivery. This study was undertaken to determine the validity and reliability of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire A (W-DEQ [A]) primiparous women in Mashhad, Iran. Methods This study was conducted on 220 primiparous women with a gestational age of 28-30 weeks referred to health centers in Mashhad. Using demographic questionnaire, Beck's Anxiety Inventory, Beck's Depression Inventory, and the W-DEQ (A), for determining the validity and reliability of the W-DEQ (A), first two linguists translated the questionnaire into Persian; then, two other linguists translated the Persian version back into English. The content validity of this version was then assessed by expert faculty members. The final version was sent to the questionnaire's original developers (Klass Wijma and Barbro Wijma) and then used after their approval. Factor analysis was used to analyze the data.