Abrahamsenmack4559

Baseline characteristics were similar in early (n= 49) and control (n= 48) groups. Early cholecystectomy resulted in a mean absolute difference in LOS of -0.96 days (95% CI, -1.91 to 0.00, p= 0.05). Ninety-day mean total costs were $14,974 (early) vs $16,190 (control) (cost ratio [CR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.73-1.15, p= 0.47), with a mean absolute difference of $1,216 less (95% CI, -$4,782 to $2,349, p= 0.50) per patient in the early group. On Bayesian analysis, there was an 81% posterior probability that early cholecystectomy reduced 90-day total costs.

In this single-center trial, early cholecystectomy for mild gallstone pancreatitis reduced 90-day LOS and had an 81% probability of reducing 90-day healthcare system costs.

In this single-center trial, early cholecystectomy for mild gallstone pancreatitis reduced 90-day LOS and had an 81% probability of reducing 90-day healthcare system costs.

Whether to proceed with a medical intervention over the objection of a patient who lacks capacity is a common problem facing practitioners. Despite this, there is a notable gap in the literature describing how to proceed in such situations in an ethically rigorous and consistent fashion. We elaborate on the practical application of the 2018 Rubin and Prager 7-question algorithm for ethics consultations about treatment over objection and we describe the impact of each of the 7 questions.

We retrospectively review a series of consultations at Columbia University Irving Medical Center between April 2017 and May 2020 for treatment over objection in adult patients determined to lack capacity. Outcomes about the final ethics recommendation and the assessment of each of the 7 questions are reported. The statistical analysis was designed to determine which of the 7 questions in the algorithm were most predictive of the final ethics recommendation.

In our series, there was an ethics recommendation to proceed over the objection of a patient in 63% of consultations. Although all 7 questions were considered to be important to the ethical analysis of a patient's situation, the presence of logistical barriers to treatment and the imminence of harm to a patient without treatment emerged as the most significant drivers of the recommendation of whether to proceed over objection or not.

Cases of treatment over objection in a patient lacking capacity are frequently encountered problems that require a careful balance of patient autonomy and a physician's duty of beneficence. The application of the Rubin and Prager 7-question algorithm reliably guides a care team through such a complex ethical dilemma.

Cases of treatment over objection in a patient lacking capacity are frequently encountered problems that require a careful balance of patient autonomy and a physician's duty of beneficence. The application of the Rubin and Prager 7-question algorithm reliably guides a care team through such a complex ethical dilemma.

The critical view of safety (CVS) is poorly adopted in surgical practices although it is ubiquitously recommended to prevent major bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This study aims to investigate whether performing a short intraoperative time out can improve CVS implementation.

In this before versus after study, surgeons performing LCs at an academic center were invited to use a 5-second long time out to verify CVS before dividing the cystic duct (5-second rule). The primary aim was to compare the rate of CVS achievement for LCs performed in the year before versus the year after implementation of the 5-second rule. The CVS achievement rate was computed after exclusion of bailout procedures using a mediated video-based assessment made by two independent reviewers. Clinical outcomes, LC workflows, and postoperative reports were also compared.

343 of the 381 LCs performed between December 2017 and November 2019 (171 before and 172 after implementation of the 5-second rule) were analyzed. The 5-second rule was associated with a significantly increased rate of CVS achievement (15.9 vs. 44.1% before vs. after the 5-second rule, respectively; P<0.001). Significant differences were also observed with respect to the rate of bailout procedures (8.2 vs. 15.7%; P=0.04), the median [IQR] time to clip the cystic duct or artery (001726 [001148, 002835] vs. 002312 [001429, 003145] duration; P=0.007), and the rate of postoperative CVS reporting (1.3 vs. 28.8%; P<0.001). Postoperative morbidity was comparable (1.8 vs. Immunology inhibitor 2.3%; P=0.68).

Performing a short intraoperative time out was associated with an improved CVS achievement rate. Systematic intraoperative cognitive aids should be studied to sustain the uptake of guidelines.

Performing a short intraoperative time out was associated with an improved CVS achievement rate. Systematic intraoperative cognitive aids should be studied to sustain the uptake of guidelines.

Glucokinase (GCK) is critical for glucosensing. In rats, GCK is expressed in hypothalamic tanycytes and appears to play an essential role in feeding behavior. In this study, we investigated the distribution of GCK-expressing tanycytes in mice and their role in the regulation of energy balance.

In situ hybridization, reporter gene assay, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess GCK expression along the third ventricle in mice. To evaluate the impact of GCK-expressing tanycytes on arcuate neuron function and mouse physiology, Gck deletion along the ventricle was achieved using loxP/Cre recombinase technology in adult mice.

GCK expression was low along the third ventricle, but detectable in tanycytes facing the ventromedial arcuate nucleus from bregma-1.5 to-2.2. Gck deletion induced the death of this tanycyte subgroup through the activation of the BAD signaling pathway. The ablation of GCK-expressing tanycytes affected different aspects of energy balance, leading to an increase in adiposity in mice. This phenotype was systematically associated with a defect in NPY neuron function. In contrast, the regulation of glucose homeostasis was mostly preserved, except for glucoprivic responses.

This study describes the role of GCK in tanycyte biology and highlights the impact of tanycyte loss on the regulation of energy balance.

This study describes the role of GCK in tanycyte biology and highlights the impact of tanycyte loss on the regulation of energy balance.

Randomized controlled trials are considered the highest level of evidence but fewer than half are reproducible. A rigorous methodology improves trial quality, but reproducibility may be limited by a lack of transparency in reporting. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines define reporting standards, and pretrial registration requires a predefined methodology and predefined outcomes.

We evaluated obstetrics and gynecology trials published in 6 journals in terms of their adherence to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines. Second, we evaluated pretrial registration compliance and concordance between the registry and publication. Furthermore, we evaluated the differences in trial characteristics among randomized controlled trials with the highest level of compliance and those with lower levels of compliance and adherence to guidelines by journal type.

This was a cross-sectional study of obstetrics and gynecology trials published between 2017 and 2019 in 6 journals (Amecology trials published in 6 high-impact journals were not compliant with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines, and there were major discrepancies between pretrial registration and publication. Transparency, reproducibility, and scientific rigor in obstetrics and gynecology trial reporting needs to be improved.

More patient data are needed to improve research on rare liver diseases. Mobile health apps enable an exhaustive data collection. Therefore, the European Reference Network on Hepatological diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER) intends to implement an app for patients with rare liver diseases communicating with a patient registry, but little is known about which features patients and their healthcare providers regard as being useful.

This study aimed to investigate how an app for rare liver diseases would be accepted, and to find out which features are considered useful.

An anonymous survey was conducted on adult patients with rare liver diseases at a single academic, tertiary care outpatient-service. Additionally, medical experts of the ERN working group on autoimmune hepatitis were invited to participate in an online survey.

In total, the responses from 100 patients with autoimmune (n=90) or other rare (n=10) liver diseases and 32 experts were analyzed. Patients were convinced to use a disease specific app (80%)e great desire for disease-specific apps but also the need to involve patients and healthcare providers in the development of such apps in order to achieve long-term use and, thereby, improvements of patient care and research. The results of this study will help tremendously to implement the first cross-country app that communicates with an ERN patient registry.Liver elastography offers the possibility of a quick, non-invasive, and painless evaluation of the liver with immediate results at bedside. Transient elastography is the most validated technology, and many others such as point shear wave elastography, 2D-shear wave elastography, or magnetic resonance elastography have been developed. To ensure the best evaluation, several conditions of examination must be respected for liver stiffness measurement. Indeed, patient, operator and examination characteristics have all been shown to influence the result of liver stiffness measurement. Food intake increases liver stiffness, whereas withdrawal in alcoholics is associated with a decrease in elastography results. Inter-observer reproducibility of the measurement seems suboptimal, and the influence of the operator experience is still being debated. The measurement site and the FibroScan® probe must be correctly chosen. Finally, the intrinsic characteristics and quality criteria of the measurement, especially the interquartile range/median ratio, must be carefully checked to avoid overestimation of liver stiffness. Most of the results come from studies which have evaluated transient elastography, with less data available for the other technologies. Liver stiffness measurement could appear as a simple way to explore the liver, but several conditions must be met before deciding the patient management according to its result.Diaminofluoresceins (DAFs) are fluorescent probes widely applied to measure nitric oxide (NO) formation in cells and tissues. The main advantages of these compounds are their availability and low cost, and the general availability of instruments able to detect green fluorescence in all laboratories; these include fluorimeters, flow cytometers, and fluorescent microscopes. What made these molecules particularly interesting for many scientists approaching the NO field is that they are apparently very easy to use, as compared with other techniques requiring specific instrumentation and knowledge like chemiluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance. However, the reactivity and biological chemistry of these probes in the cellular environment is rather complex and still not fully understood. Moreover, secondary reactions with ascorbate, or interference with thiols occur in cells. Therefore, the use of DAFs requires specific experimental planning and a careful interpretation of the results obtained. In this methodological review, we described in detail what is known about the reactivity of DAFs, their application in biological assays, list some principles to help experimental planning, including the necessary controls, and list the caveats concerning result interpretation.