Abrahamsendeal0569

Background Diagnosis disclosure is the result of a shift in medical approaches from traditional paternalism to participatory and patient-centered decision making. Disclosure of psychiatric diagnosis remained uncommon and controversial. Giving information about psychiatric illnesses is very complicated, and it is affected by several factors. While clinical guidelines provide a clear pathway for treating patients, in practice, the treatment of patients is influenced by cultural and social factors. The aim of the current study was a qualitative assessment of psychiatrists' approaches regarding the disclosure of psychiatric disorders to their patients. Methods The current study was conducted with a qualitative approach. The participants were purposefully selected psychiatrists from three medical universities in Tehran, Iran. The data gathered using the semi-structured interview method. Sixteen interviews with 14 psychiatrists were conducted. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Psychiatrists decide to disclose the diagnosis based on several factors. We summarized these factors in a central theme, passive situational decision making based on paternalism and displacement of responsibility. It has two subthemes, including "passive and situational decision making" and "paternalism and displacement of responsibility." Each theme presented by detailed quotations. selleck compound Conclusion The results of this study showed that psychiatrists did not actively disclose the diagnosis name to patients. Diagnosis disclosure was influenced by several factors, such as the certainty about the diagnosis and the severity of the disease. This passive approach does not respect the patient's rights. The paternalistic nature of this approach mandates psychiatrists to consider themselves as the responsible perosn for their patients' welfare.Background Exosomes are extracellular cells (EVs) emancipated by various cell types and are involved in cell-to-cell transmission. In cancer diseases, exosomes emerge as local and systemic cells to cell mediators of oncogenic information and play a significant role in the advancement of cancer through the horizontal transfer of various molecules, such as proteins and miRNAs. Methods In this study, 66 articles from PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Scopus were used as English sources. Results The biological distribution of cancer cell-derived exosomes in tumor tissue is an important factor in detecting their role in tumor increase; on the other hand, a limited number of studies have examined the biodistribution of exosomes in tumor tissues. While exosomes function as cancer biomarkers and support cancer treatment, we have a long way to improve the antitumor treatment of exosomes and develop exosome-based cancer diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Conclusion This review describes the science and significance of cancer pathogenesis and exosomes relative to cancer treatment resistance.Background The current treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is far from adequate. AD can be treated by inhibiting either β-amyloid protein deposition or acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity. Many treatments for AD are directed at these 2 targets. In the present study, the phytoconstituents of Carissa carandas chloroform leaf extract were identified by gas chromatography-MS/MS analysis, and in silico molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate their potential against AD. Objectives The present study aimed to identify the possible anti-Alzheimer's activity of novel phytoconstituents isolated from C carandas. Methods The powdered leafy material was subjected to successive Soxhlet extraction using 3 different solvents n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol. The chloroform extract was subjected to gas chromatography-MS/MS analysis, and the observed chromatogram revealed the presence of 48 chemical constituents. Among them, 42 new phytoconstituents are reported in this plant for the first time. The gas chromacyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one, and phenol, 2,4-di-t-butyl-6-nitro compounds, and these compounds were therefore suggested to be promising anti-AD lead compounds. Further, the target leads were subjected to ligplot analysis for their 2-dimensional representation of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Thus, the results obtained from the in silico study of C carandas leaf extract using these computational approaches indicate the presence of phytoconstituents that have affinities for the selected 2 targets of AD. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2020; 81XXX-XXX).Background Clinical education is a vital part of occupational therapy education process. High clinical education quality in fieldwork settings leads to higher clinical competency and occupational proficiency. One of the most effective clinical education methods in equalizing the conditions of clinical education to students is the correct use of educational models related to each field of medical sciences. In the field of clinical education, various models have been designed with a specific subject. However, limited research has been done on the introduction of the usability of these models in occupational therapy settings. This study was conducted to determine which models have the potential to be used as clinical education models in occupational therapy. Methods A scoping review was conducted and studies published in English between 2000 and 2018 that examined clinical education models were selected. Results A total of 8 articles were entered in the review, and a central theme of implementing clinical education models in occupational therapy was determined by thematic analysis. This central theme consisted of 3 categories (1) evaluative models, (2) acting models, and (3) evaluative/acting models. Conclusion Occupational therapists, especially who work as educators should be aware of the different types of clinical education models and try to use these models in clinical education process and minimize the variation of teaching methods in fieldwork settings to promote the clinical education quality. However, more research should be done to improve evidence-based occupational therapy practice in clinical education.