Abildtrupbagge5365

Predisposing factors, e.g. NYHA Class II, Class III/IV, steroid treatment and acute rejection of transplant ( less then 3 months) were associated with high prevalence of depression. Protective factors, e.g. age and higher ejection fraction after transplant of patients were associated with low prevalence of depression. Female sex, single status and number of months since transplant were associated with high prevalence of anxiety. find more Single status was associated with high prevalence of both adjustment disorder and transplant-related PTSD. Conclusion The prevalence of psychiatric conditions, particularly depression, is high in heart transplant recipients. The identified protective and risk factors may guide psychological interventions in heart transplant recipients.Objective The present study tested preregistered predictions regarding the prospective associations between level and change in subjective well-being (SWB) and physical health. Methods In two large longitudinal panel studies conducted in the U.S. (N = 3,294) and Japan (N = 657), we used multi-level growth curve models to estimate level and change in components of subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect). Next, we used random intercepts and slopes to predict subsequent self-reported general health and number of chronic health conditions (in the U.S. and Japan) and mortality risk (in the U.S.). Results Greater life satisfaction, higher positive affect, and lower negative affect were associated with better health (.22 less then |βs| less then .46) and longer survival. Above and beyond subjective well-being level, longitudinal increases in life satisfaction and positive affect and longitudinal decreases in negative affect were associated with better health (.06 less then |βs| less then .20). Moreover, all three subjective well-being components independently predicted health, and life satisfaction and negative affect independently predicted survival. The preregistration and analysis scripts are available at osf.io/mz9gy. Conclusions The present findings suggest that being happy and becoming happier across time are independently associated with better physical health in the U.S. and Japan.Objective There are pronounced racial and socioeconomic disparities in type 2 diabetes. While "stress" as a general phenomenon is hypothesized to contribute to these disparities, few studies have objective measures of stress reactivity in diverse samples to test hypotheses about purported mechanisms. This study describes the rationale and baseline characteristics of a cohort designed to address the question how does stress contribute to disparities in diabetes risk? Methods The Richmond Stress and Sugar Study (RSASS) recruited 125 adults at elevated risk of type 2 diabetes using a two-by-two sampling frame wherein non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) and African Americans (AA) were each recruited from neighborhoods of higher and lower socioeconomic status (SES). Stress reactivity was assessed using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and salivary cortisol. ANOVA and multi-level modelling were used to examine how stress reactivity varied both within and across race and neighborhood SES. Results The mean age was 57.4 (SD=7.3) years, 49% were female, 54% were AA or another racial/ethnic minority, and mean hemoglobin A1c was in the pre-diabetes range (5.8%, range 5.50-5.93). Living in a lower SES neighborhood was associated with 16% [95% CI -0.04; 34] higher pre-TSST cortisol, 8.4% [95% CI -14; -3] shallower increase in response to the TSST, and 1% [95% CI 0.3; 1.7] steeper decline post-TSST than the higher neighborhood SES group. Post-TSST cortisol decline was 3% greater among AA compared to NHW. Race*SES interaction terms were generally small and non-significant. Conclusions SES is associated with stress reactivity among adults at high risk for diabetes.Objective Altered attentional processing (automatically attending to negative or illness-relevant information) and interpretative biases (interpreting ambiguous information as negative or illness relevant) may be mechanistically involved in functional neurological disorder (FND). Common mechanisms between FND and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have been proposed but not compared experimentally. Methods We compared the cognitive task performance of FND, CFS, and healthy control (HC) groups. The tasks assessed attentional bias toward illness-relevant stimuli (visual probe task), attentional control (attention network task), and somatic interpretations (interpretative bias task), alongside self-reported depression, anxiety, fatigue, and general health. Results Thirty-seven participants diagnosed with FND, 52 participants diagnosed with CFS, and 51 HC participants were included. Although participants with CFS showed attentional bias for illness-relevant stimuli relative to HC (t = -3.13, p = .002, d = 0.624), individuals with FND did not (t = -1.59, p = .118, d = 0.379). Both the FND (t = 3.08, p = .003, d = 0.759) and CFS (t = 2.74, p = .007, d = 0.548) groups displayed worse attentional control than did the HC group. Similarly, the FND (t = 3.63, p less then .001, d = 0.801) and CFS groups (t = 4.58, p less then .001, d = 0.909) showed more somatic interpretative bias than did the HC group. Conclusions Similar attentional control deficits and somatic interpretative bias in individuals with FND and CFS support potential shared mechanisms underlying symptoms. Interpretative bias toward somatic and illness-relevant stimuli in functional disorders may prove a therapeutic target.Objective The study aims to meta-analytically review studies about the effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on well-being of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Seven electronic databases were searched from June 2018 to September 2018. A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted. Results Twenty-one studies were included in qualitative synthesis, and 10 studies were included in meta-analysis. MBIs are effective with an overall moderate effect size (Hedges' g = 0.70) in improving well-being in people with MS, with lasting effects at the follow-up (g = 0.55). In particular, MBIs demonstrated to highly reduce stress (g = 1.07) and to improve depression and anxiety symptoms with a moderate to large effect at postintervention (g = 0.77 and g = 0.63, respectively). Conclusions MBIs represent a valid and effective mind-body intervention to improve the well-being of patients with MS. Further studies should investigate which components of MBIs could be more beneficial for patients with progressive MS.