Abernathytucker2143

The effect of heating medium (with water and steam) and initial temperature of heating medium (cold and boiling) on the taste quality and sensory properties of Portunus trituberculatus was investigated. Nonvolatile taste active components in the meat and gonad of crabs cooked under four different methods were detected and compared. Sensory evaluation and electronic tongue assessment were also conducted. Sensory evaluation and electronic tongue indicated that taste quality was different under four cooking methods. The results showed that steaming cooking preserved more water-soluble substances as compared with boiling cooking, especially cooking began with boiling water. It is noteworthy that the umami intensity in gonad cooked from boiling water was stronger, either steaming or boiling. Therefore, this study can provide a theoretical basis and suggest the dynamic chemical changes of different organs during heating process need to be further studied. © 2020 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Agaricus blazei Murrill (ABM) is an edible fungus. This study investigated the protective role of ABM fruiting body against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. After 4 weeks of ABM supplement, glucose homeostasis was improved in diabetic rats. Quantitative real-time and Western blot analyses suggested that ABM could promote the gene and protein expression level of insulin receptor, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, phospho-kinase B, kinase B, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, insulin receptor substrate 1, glucose transporter-4, and glutamine synthetase, while inhibiting the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and c-jun N-terminal kinase 1 and 2. According to multivariate and univariate statistical analysis, liver metabolite profiles of the normal and diabetic rats fed basal and experimental diet were clearly separated. The differential liver metabolites from diabetic rats fed basal and ABM diet-related pathways including the glycolysis pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation were analyzed. A total of 18 potential biomarker metabolites were identified as differential biomarkers associated with ABM supplement diet. © 2020 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This study investigated the effects of methanol extract Magnolia officinalis (MEMO) on baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS) in the hypercholesterolemic rabbits and the involved molecular mechanisms. Male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into Control (normal diet), Cholesterol (0.5% w/w cholesterol diet), and Magnolia groups (0.5% w/w cholesterol diet plus 1% w/w MEMO). The animals were treated with the designated diet for 4 or 8 weeks. BRS in the control of heart rate was assessed by linear regression method. After 8 weeks of treatments, plasma total cholesterol (TC) was significantly elevated in the Cholesterol/Magnolia groups. The arterial blood pressure (aBP) was increased in the Cholesterol and Magnolia groups. The depression of BRS observed in the Cholesterol group was significantly ameliorated in the Magnolia group. After L-NAME (Nω-nitro-Larginine methyl ester, 20 mg/kg, iv), the BRS of the Cholesterol group was significantly improved. Results from our in vitro study further indicated that honokiol, the principle component of MEMO, would protect human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from H2O2-induced damages and inhibit H2O2-induced vascular smooth muscles cells (VSMCs) proliferation, which was evident by the decreased expression of pFAK, and p-Erk1/2. The results of the present study suggested that the improvement of BRS by MEMO in the hypercholesterolemic rabbits might be mediated by the antioxidant property of MEMO as indicated by the results from the L-NAME and in vitro honokiol studies. © 2020 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The food safety landscape continues to evolve across time, geography, and supply chains. This research seeks to analyze the determinants of market-based food safety management systems (FSMSs) implementation in the Middle Eastern context. Primary data were collected from food safety managers representing 94 processors across Lebanon. AZD1152-HQPA ic50 We found food processors having implemented ISO 22000 (50%), HACCP (40%), and ISO 9001 (25.5%); however, none of the processors implemented industry-based FSMSs. Although ISO 22000 was mostly implemented by large (85%) and medium (67%) processors, the uptake of ISO 22000 by small processors has picked up (29%). Economic incentives (market orientation) and firm-specific factors (organizational readiness, product/process characteristics, company size, and ownership structure) are the key drivers for the increased implementation of market-based FSMSs. Predominantly export-oriented processors had the odds of implementing ISO 22000 5.5 times more than the domestically oriented processors. Firms with a quality assurance (QA) unit had 15 times higher chance of implementing ISO 22000 than otherwise. Finally, processors engaged in fresh produce had 4.9 times higher chance of implementing ISO 22000 than those engaged in dry goods. The study establishes that the dominance of public-based FSMSs in the governance of food safety is a strategic choice (economic incentives) more than statutory requirements. © 2020 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Dried fruits of black goji were investigated for their fatty acid, mineral contents, and antioxidant activity against isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial ischemia in mice was revealed. It was observed that the key fatty acids from Lycium ruthenicum Murr. (LRM) oil studied included linoleic (59.38%), oleic (20.85%), palmitic (7.07%), linolenic (2.98%), and stearic acids (5.31%), which together comprised 95.59% of the total fatty acids. The key mineral nutrients studied were potassium (17,631.15 mg/kg), calcium (2004.4 mg/kg), and magnesium (1,274.6 mg/kg), while copper, iron, manganese, and zinc were found in trace. Moreover, oral administration of water extraction of LRM exhibited significant reduction of enzyme activities, and MDA level triggered by ISO to be near normal level, while exhibited a significant increase of SOD and GSH activities. Our results provide deep insight on LRM as a potential source of high-value phytochemicals for the development of new functional food and beverage products. © 2020 The Authors.