Abdimunkholm9501

To determine the relationship of a genome-wide polygenic score for coronary artery disease (GPS

) with lifetime trajectories of CAD risk, directly compare its predictive capacity to traditional risk factors, and assess its interplay with the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) clinical risk estimator. Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor Approach and Results We studied GPS

in 28 556 middle-aged participants of the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, of whom 4122 (14.4%) developed CAD over a median follow-up of 21.3 years. A pronounced gradient in lifetime risk of CAD was observed-16% for those in the lowest GPS

decile to 48% in the highest. We evaluated the discriminative capacity of the GPS

-as assessed by change in the C-statistic from a baseline model including age and sex-among 5685 individuals with PCE risk estimates available. The increment for the GPS

(+0.045,

<0.001) was higher than for any of 11 traditional risk factors (range +0.007 to +0.032). Minimal correlation was observed between GPS

and 10-year risk defined by the PCE (

=0.03), and addition of GPS

improved the C-statistic of the PCE model by 0.026. A significant gradient in lifetime risk was observed for the GPS

, even among individuals within a given PCE clinical risk stratum. We replicated key findings-noting strikingly consistent results-in 325 003 participants of the UK Biobank.

GPS

-a risk estimator available from birth-stratifies individuals into varying trajectories of clinical risk for CAD. Implementation of GPS

may enable identification of high-risk individuals early in life, decades in advance of manifest risk factors or disease.

GPSCAD-a risk estimator available from birth-stratifies individuals into varying trajectories of clinical risk for CAD. Implementation of GPSCAD may enable identification of high-risk individuals early in life, decades in advance of manifest risk factors or disease.

While placebo-controlled randomised controlled trials remain the standard way to evaluate drugs for efficacy, historical data are used extensively across the development cycle. This ranges from supplementing contemporary data to increase the power of trials to cross-trial comparisons in estimating comparative efficacy. In many cases, these approaches are performed without in-depth review of the context of data, which may lead to bias and incorrect conclusions.

We discuss the original 'Pocock' criteria for the use of historical data and how the use of historical data has evolved over time. Based on these factors and personal experience, we created a series of questions that may be asked of historical data, prior to their use. Based on the answers to these questions, various statistical approaches are recommended. The strategy is illustrated with a case study in colorectal cancer.

A number of areas need to be considered with historical data, which we split into three categories outcome measurement, study/gh caution is required. We present some of the issues that may be considered when involving historical data and what (if any) statistical approaches may account for differences between studies. We recommend that, where historical data are to be used in analyses, potential differences between studies are addressed explicitly.

To examine the relationship between perceived adequacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) and workplace-based infection control procedures (ICP) and mental health symptoms among a sample of health-care workers in Canada within the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic.

A convenience-based internet survey of health-care workers in Canada was facilitated through various labor organizations between April 7 and May 13, 2020. A total of 7,298 respondents started the survey, of which 5,988 reported information on the main exposures and outcomes. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) screener, and depression symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) screener. We assessed the perceived need and adequacy of 8 types of PPE and 10 different ICP. Regression analyses examined the proportion of GAD-2 and PHQ-2 scores of 3 and higher across levels of PPE and ICP, adjusted for a range of demographic, occupation, workplace, and COVID-19-specific measures.

A total of 54.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 53.5% to 56.1%) of the sample had GAD-2 scores of 3 and higher, and 42.3% (95% CI, 41.0% to 43.6%) of the sample had PHQ-2 scores of 3 and higher. Absolute differences of 18% (95% CI, 12% to 23%) and 17% (95% CI, 12% to 22%) were observed in the prevalence of GAD-2 scores of 3 and higher between workers whose perceived PPE needs and ICP needs were met compared to those who needs were not met. Differences of between 11% (95% CI, 6% to 17%) and 19% (95% CI, 14% to 24%) were observed in PHQ-2 scores of 3 and higher across these same PPE and ICP categories.

Our results suggest strengthening employer-based infection control strategies likely has important implications for the mental health symptoms among health-care workers in Canada.

Our results suggest strengthening employer-based infection control strategies likely has important implications for the mental health symptoms among health-care workers in Canada.

Endoscopic orbital decompression is a well-established technique for Graves orbitopathy treatment.

Measurement of the ethmoid volume and its correlation with proptosis reduction in patients undergoing endoscopic orbital decompression for Graves' orbitopathy.

We retrospectively reviewed clinical charts of 209 patients (319 orbits) operated by a surgeon at our institution between 1998 and 2019.

Average age was 46.9 years. About 83.3% of the patients were female, 54.6% were smokers, 93.8% were euthyroid at the time of decompression, 3.8% were hypothyroid and 2.4% were hyperthyroid. About 77.5% of the patients underwent bilateral surgery, the remainder and unilateral. Subsequent stages included strabismus surgery in 22.5% patients, Müllerectomy 37.8%, with or without canthoplasty (14.8 vs. 23%). Mean proptosis reduction was 4.61 mm. Mean ethmoid volume was 5.57 mm

. Ethmoid volume had a moderate positive correlation with proptosis reduction (



= 0.49,

< .001). Further investigation, statistically significant moderate correlation was found only in the small (SE) and big (BE) ethmoid groups.