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Prostate cancer cells have very high PCA3 messenger RNA levels, which turns them into one of the new biomarkers for prostate cancer prognosis and diagnosis.

Our goal here is to develop a new aptasensor to detect PCA3 release by the cancer cell.

DNA hairpin containing PCA3 aptamer was thiolated, conjugated to methylene blue (MB) redox probe, and immobilized on gold electrode through self-assembly to detect label-free cancer cells.

Our data have evidenced stable and sensitive sensors presenting a wide linear detection range (0-150ng/mL). In addition, monitoring PCA3 released by different types of prostate cells can provide in-depth knowledge about prostate cancer dynamics; therefore, it is a powerful platform for earlier clinical diagnostic. The released PCA3 can vary depending on the type of adopted prostate cells.

PCA3 release was monitored in a group of cells for 2 h; it showed significantly higher expression in both LNCaP and PC-3 cells. This strategy provides a unique and simple methodology to achieve more sensitive and specific PCA3 detection; thus, it emerged as a promising tool for early cost-effective diagnosis.

PCA3 release was monitored in a group of cells for 2 h; it showed significantly higher expression in both LNCaP and PC-3 cells. This strategy provides a unique and simple methodology to achieve more sensitive and specific PCA3 detection; thus, it emerged as a promising tool for early cost-effective diagnosis.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and frequent neurodegenerative disease in elderly people. In the 21st century, owing to the increasing prevalence of AD, there is a crucial need for finding better and more effective pharmacotherapeutic approaches. This review article demonstrated various sources and possible metabolic pathways of curcuminoids obtained from Curcuma longa herb, to prevent and treat AD, but the information related to the metabolic fate of curcuminoids is deficient. Different in vitro and in vivo research studies demonstrating the mechanisms by which curcuminoids attenuated AD have been summarized. Administration of curcuminoids has been indicated to inhibit hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, deposition, and oligomerization of amyloid beta plaques in several AD models. Curcuminoids also inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity, chelate metals and form complexes, have antioxidant properties, mediate neuroinflammatory signaling pathways by altering the activity of microglial cells, and modulate other related signaling pathways such as the heme-oxygenase pathway and the insulin signaling pathways. Briefly curcuminoids exhibit the capability to be more productive and efficacious compared to many recent treatments due to their antioxidant, delayed neuron degeneration, and anti-inflammatory potential. Although their effectiveness as a curative agent is considered to be reduced due to their low bioavailability, if the issue of curcuminoids' low bioavailability is resolved then curcuminoid-based medications are hopefully on the horizon against AD.Since the inception of antibodies as magic bullets for targeting antigens with high specificity for various in vitro and in-vivo detection and therapy applications, the field has evolved, and remarkable success has been achieved not only in the methods of development of these targeting agents but also in their applications. The utilization of these moieties for the development of antibody-based radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapy (theranostic) purposes has resulted in the availability of various cancer-targeting agents suitable for clinical applications. The high affinity and specificity of antibodies towards the target antigens overexpressed on tumors render them an excellent carrier molecules for radionuclide delivery. Although intact antibodies have high potential as imaging and therapeutic agents, a major drawback of intact antibody-based radionuclide targeting is their slow pharmacokinetics and poor penetration into solid tumors. In contrast to large intact antibodies, engineered antibody fras reported for clinical applications. Finally, we highlight how emerging technologies in antibody engineering and drug development can be amalgamated for designing novel strategies for cancer imaging and therapy.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), affects the lower respiratory tract by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) via its S-protein. Recent emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants from the United Kingdom (B.1.1.7) and South Africa (501Y.V2) are spreading worldwide at an alarming rate. The new variants have manifested amino acid substitution K417N, E484K and N501Y on the RBD domain that binds to ACE2. As such, these mutations may influence the binding of the S-protein to ACE2 and affect viral entry into the host cell. Methods In this study, we modelled the amino acids substitutions on the S-protein and utilised HADDOCK server to assess the S-protein RBD domain binding with ACE2. Additionally, we calculated the binding affinity of ACE2 to S-protein WT, B.1.1.7 and 501Y.V2 variants using Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA). Results We demonstrate that the S-protein of both variants possesses higher binding affinity to ACE2 than WT, with the South African 501Y.V2 is a more infective strain than the B.1.1.7 that originated in the United Kingdom. Conclusion The South African 501Y.V2 variant presents three amino acid substitutions that changed the H-bonding network resulting in a higher affinity to ACE2, indicating that the 501Y.V2 strain is more infective than the B.1.1.7 strain.

Ischemic stroke remains as the leading cause of death worldwide and is the primary cause of disability globally. Numerous studies have shown that plant-origin medicines are promising and can influence the treatment of neurological disorders. Phyllanthus embilica L. (P. emblica or Amla) is one of the herbal plants whose medicinal properties are widely studied. The objective of the present study is to determine the neuroprotective effects of an aqueous extract of the fruit of P. emblica (hereinafter referred to as just P. emblica) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and explore if it can regulate BDNF/PI3K pathway to modulate glutathione towards mitoprotection and neuroprotection.

In vivo studies were undertaken in male Sprague Dawley rats, where rats were prophylactically administered 100 mg/kg P. emblica for 30 days. In the treatment group, rats were given 100 mg/kg P. emblica, 1 h post middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Rats were evaluated for neurodeficit and motor function tests. Brains were further harvested for infarct size evaluation, biochemical analysis, protein expression studies and mitochondrial studies.

Prophylaxis and treatment with P. emblica demonstrated significant improvement in functional outcome with a reduction in infarct size. Normalization of glutathione, nitrite and malondialdehyde levels were also observed. Improvement in mitochondrial complex I and IV activities were also seen. Expressions of BDNF, PI3K, SDF1 and VEGF increased while that of ROCK2 decreased following P. emblica administration.

P. emblica regulates BDNF/PI3K pathway to modulate glutathione in ischemic stroke to confer mitoprotection and neuroprotection.

P. emblica regulates BDNF/PI3K pathway to modulate glutathione in ischemic stroke to confer mitoprotection and neuroprotection.Cancer is becoming a global threat as its treatment account many challenges. Hence, newer invention prioritizes the requirement of novel anticancer agents. In this context, kinases have been intensively investigated as a promising and novel class of drug target for cancer therapy from the past few decades. Indole derivatives found to be most effective for targeting multiple kinases such as PIM, CDK, TK, AKT, SRC, PI3K, PKD, GSK, etc. to inhibit cell proliferation for cancer. Recently various scientist proposed studies related to this moiety such as Zhang et al. described potent PI3K inhibition by substitution at 4th position of indole ring. Kassis et al. showed potent CDK5 inhibition by substituting 2nd and 6th position of indole ring. In the present review, we have summarized structure activity relationship (SAR) studies of Indole derivatives as kinase inhibitors for development of potential inhibitors.

Dental implants have been one of the most popular treatments for rehabilitating individuals with single missing teeth or fully edentulous jaws since their introduction. As more implant patients are well-aged and take several medications due to various systemic conditions, clinicians should be mindful of possible drug implications on bone remodeling and osseointegration.

The present study aims to study and review some desirable and some unwelcomed implications of medicine on osseointegration.

A broad search for proper relevant studies were conducted in four databases, including Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.

Some commonly prescribed medicines such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), anticoagulants, metformin, and chemotherapeutic agents may jeopardize osseointegration. On the contrary, some therapeutic agents such as anabolic, anti-catabolic, or dual anabolic and anti-catabolic agents may enhance osseointegration and increase the treatment's success rate.

Systemic medications that enhance osseointegration include mineralization promoters and bone resorption inhibitors. On the other hand, medications often given to the elderly with systemic problems might interfere with osseointegration, leading to implant failure. However, to validate the provided research, more human studies with a higher level of evidence are required.

Systemic medications that enhance osseointegration include mineralization promoters and bone resorption inhibitors. On the other hand, medications often given to the elderly with systemic problems might interfere with osseointegration, leading to implant failure. Mycro 3 However, to validate the provided research, more human studies with a higher level of evidence are required.

To improve solubility of Honokiol (HNK), Honokiol nanoparticles (HNK-NPs) were prepared by using a new biodegradable polysaccharide polymer as its carrier.

HNK-NPs were prepared by hydrophilic polymer coagulation method, and the processing parameters were optimized according to average particle size and PDI by single factor experiment. The morphology of the optimized nanoparticles was investigated by TEM and the in vitro release was carried out to evaluate the optimized HNK-NPs.

The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of the HNK-NPs were 77.75 ± 2.63% and 13.46 ± 0.39%. The obtained nanoparticles of HNK-NPs were spherical-like under the electron microscope with a mean particle size of 198.50 ± 0.01 nm and Zeta potential of -52.60 ± 1.00 mV, respectively. The in vitro release results showed that the cumulative release rates of nanoparticles were 48.28 ± 9.80% and 81.12 ± 4.35% within 2 h and 8 h, respectively which showed a stable release behavior. The average particle size and PDI of HNK-NPs solution prepared by hydrophilic polymer condensation method had no obvious change at 72h.

HNK-NPs were successfully prepared by phase separation method. This new polysaccharide polymer should be an ideal carrier to help improving the solubility of HNK.

HNK-NPs were successfully prepared by phase separation method. This new polysaccharide polymer should be an ideal carrier to help improving the solubility of HNK.