Aarupsejersen0463

Second, we found that parents participating in ProSAAF, relative to those randomly assigned to the control group, significantly improved in their use of an intervention targeting PPB. Third, we found a significant effect of change in PPB on the association of discrimination with change in depressive symptoms. Finally, we found that ProSAAF participation buffered the impact of racial discrimination on change in depressive symptoms through change in PPB. Results provide experimental support for constructed resilience in the form of change in PPB and call for increased attention to the development of family-based intervention programs to protect Black youth from the pernicious effects of racial discrimination. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Responsive parenting and parental scaffolding have been shown to foster executive functions (EFs) and self-regulation skills in young children, but could too much parental directive engagement be counterproductive? To answer this question, we examined parental responses when children were demonstrating active on-task behaviors in a community sample of 102 dyads. We measured the time that parents spend actively guiding children's behavior relative to following the child's lead and created a measure of parental over-engagement to index the degree of active parental engagement via positive control/scaffolding behaviors. We hypothesized that parental over-engagement would negatively relate to children's self-regulation and EF skills because it creates fewer opportunities for children to practice self-regulation by leading dyadic interaction with their parents. We used an innovative State-Space Grid method to capture second-to-second changes in parental and child behaviors during a set of structured tasks. We examined the conceptual overlap of over-engagement with the global ratings of parenting, revealing that parental over-engagement was negatively correlated with global ratings of parental scaffolding and unrelated to global ratings of parental sensitivity. Next, we showed that parental over-engagement predicted lower levels of child hot EFs and observed self-regulation, controlling for age, parent education, family income, and global ratings of parenting. The predictive validity of over-engagement was unique to times when the child was actively engaged and was absent when the child was passively engaged. This study contributes to the discussion of how parents can support the development of self-regulation during the transition to elementary school. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Helping the family may either promote or undermine adolescents' physical health and well-being. Adolescents (N = 396, 58% female, Mage = 14.57 years) completed diary checklists for 14 days, reporting whether they provided instrumental assistance (e.g., tangible tasks) and emotional support (e.g., listening, giving advice) to family, as well as their amount of physical activity, sleep, and physical symptoms (e.g., headache, backpain) each day. After providing emotional support, adolescents slept more that night and experienced fewer physical symptoms the next day, over and above prior day levels. When adolescents provided instrumental assistance on school days (but not nonschool days), they engaged in less physical activity that day. These results were consistent across individual differences in gender, age, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. In addition, bidirectional associations emerged such that adolescents were more likely to provide instrumental assistance on days after they slept more. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).This study examines, in low-income families, whether fathers' distress is associated with behavioral problems in preschool children and if the quality of father-child interactions mediates this association. Participants were 81 children between the ages of 3 and 5 years and their parents who were receiving social welfare. Quality of father-child interactions was assessed during a free-play situation and a toy cleanup task, fathers' parenting stress and psychological distress were self-reported, and children's behavior problems were assessed by both parents. Results showed that the quality of father-child interactions during free play, but not during cleanup, partially mediated the link between father distress and child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Our findings point to the role of the father-child relationship in the intergenerational transmission of risk in the preschool period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Research on predictors of emotion-related parenting has predominantly focused on parents' social cognitions including parenting goals and beliefs about emotions. Less is known about parents' regulation of their own arousal when facing children's negative emotions, and how it relates to parents' ability to engage in sensitive and supportive behaviors. Taking a biopsychosocial approach, the current study focused on parents' psychophysiological responses when viewing their children experience frustration among 150 urban Chinese families (children were 6-12 years, Mage = 8.54, SD = 1.67), and examined how these responses were associated with emotion-related parenting. The primary caregiver of each family (121 mothers and 29 fathers) participated in the study with the child. Measures of sympathetic [skin conductance level (SCL)] and parasympathetic [respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)] activity were collected from parents during resting baseline and a child frustration task. Parents self-reported their tendency to react supportively and unsupportively to children's displays of negative emotions. Their general availability to children's emotional needs was observed during a separate interactive task. Results suggested that parents who showed greater sympathetic arousal during the child frustration task reported less supportive and more unsupportive reactions to children's negative emotions in daily life, and also tended to be emotionally unavailable during the interactive task. No main effect was found for RSA reactivity, and there was no significant interaction between SCL and RSA reactivity in predicting parenting. Findings highlight the importance of considering parents' physiological regulatory functioning as a proximal factor shaping parenting behaviors directed toward children's emotions. Dapansutrile (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).