Aaruplist5571

Tinnitus is one of the most common clinical symptoms of otology, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. The mechanism of tinnitus has been studied through a cognitive progress from the periphery （cochlea） to auditory center to the limbic system. Auditory peripheral lesions, such as damages to ribbon synapses, may form excitatory deafferentation, then it induces the auditory center to start the compensatory gain, leading to an increase in excitatory response; If the damage is further aggravated, it may cause continuous enhancement of central gain effect, hyperexcitability may occur and leading to tinnitus. Besides, the limbic system may be involved in the maintenance or exacerbation of tinnitus symptoms. This paper reviews the recent researches on tinnitus mechanism and auditory center plasticity.A rare case of branchiogenic carcinoma from first cleft branchial cyst in the parotid gland is reported. An elderly male patient was admitted to the hospital presented with a mass accompanying with swelling and pain in the right parotid area for 5 days. Total right parotidectomy including the tumor resection and selective neck dissection were performed under general anesthesia. A thick-walled cyst containing necrotic tissue in the parotid gland was found. Postoperative histopathology showed that the tumor contained squamous epithelium and pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The cyst epithelium had atypical hyperplasia with necrosis. Some areas were cancerous with the formation of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and cancer infiltration. No metastasis was found in the cervical lymph nodes. This case was in accordance with the diagnostic criteria of cancerization of the first branchial cleft cyst.ObjectiveTo investigate the specific retrofacial approach for application of vibrant soundbridge （VSB） to the round window （RW） in patients with complex congenital ear malformation. MethodsThe clinical information of four patients with congenital ear malformation were retrospectively analyzed. VSB were implanted unilaterally in these four patients via a retrofacial approach. During the operation, it is difficult to reach the RW via a classic posterior tympanotomy pathway, due to the mastoid portion of FN positioned anteriorly severely. So the round window niche was identified through a retrofacial pathway and the round window vibroplasty was completed. ResultsAll four patients received the round window vibroplasty successfully via retrofacial approach. Satisfied auditory benefit were confirmed after surgery. Compared with the preoperative data, clear improvements in both hearing threshold and the speech discrimination score were confirmed after VSB activation. Neither intraoperative nor postoperative surgical complications was observed in all patients. ConclusionDuring the round window vibroplasty, when it was unable to access the RW through the classic facial recess pathway due to the aberrant facial nerve， the retrofacial approach could be a valid and feasible alternative approach.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of surgical intervention for laryngeal airway lesions with concurrent cochlear implantation in CHARGE syndrome concomitant laryngeal airway lesions, and provide clinical data for cochlear implantation in children with CHARGE syndrome concomitant laryngeal airway lesions. MethodsThe medical records of five cases diagnosed with CHARGE syndrome were retrospectively reviewed, two of them treated with surgical intervention for laryngeal airway lesions and concurrent cochlear implantation. One child treated with balloon dilatation of laryngeal stenosis and Cochlear implant, and another case received with modified supraglottoplasty for laryngeal malacia and Cochlear implant. ResultsTwo cases of CHARGE syndrome concomitant laryngeal airway disease, who underwent Cochlear implant and concurrent surgical intervention, recovered well after treatment. The remining three cases treated with Cochlear implant, who previously received deformity-correction surgery. All of the five cases presented with CHD7 mutation. ConclusionCochlear implant concurrent with surgical intervention of laryngeal airway lesions for the treatment of CHARGE syndrome concomitant laryngeal airway disease was safe and efficient, which could be a treatment option for children in this situation.ObjectiveTo dissect the etiology and clinical features of congenital microtia with retroauricular subperiosteal abscess, and to explore its pathogenesis and prognosis. MethodsAmong 178 patients with congenital microtia, 7 cases concomitant with " retroauricular subperiosteal abscess" were collected in this retrospective study . All of the 7 patients underwent mastoidotomy, the lesions were cleared, and secretions were sent to the bacterial culture test. According to the middle ear lesions, we performedopen mastoidectomy + tympanoplasty in 3 cases， wall mastoidectomy + tympanoplasty in 3 cases of andradical mastoidectomy in 1 case.The wound healing was observed subsequently， and the patients were followed up 3 months later. ResultsThe patients were mainly young. The average of air-bone gap before operation was （57.14±9.51） dB. The average ofair-bone gap after operation was （40.00±11.54） dB, which was lower than that before （17.14±11.12） dB. The operation can effectively control the flow of pus and improve hearing. Postoperative ear abscess was effectively controlled, and there is no recurrence, after half a year of follow-up. ConclusionEarly diagnosis of mastoiditis is of great significance for congenital microtia complicated with retroauricular subperiosteal abscess. It should be diagnosed and intervened as soon as possible. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pbit.html Once it develops into abscess, tympanoplasty should be performed as soon as possible, for cleaning lesions and draining obstruction, subsequently as to provide favorable conditions for the repair of auricular malformation.ObjectiveTo investigate the healing rate of subtotal perforation of tympanic membrane repaired by cartilage island technique combined with palisade cartilage technique under otoscope. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 189 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media who were admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2018 to January 2020. The patients were divided into twogroups, in group onethere were 100 patients treated by senior surgeon, which were divided into two subgroups, Group A （68 cases） were treated with cartilage island technique alone, and Group B （32 cases） were treated with cartilage island technique combined with palisade cartilage technique. In group two there were 89 patients treated by junior surgeons, which were divided into two subgroups. In group C, 50 cases were treated with cartilage island technique alone, and in group D, 39 cases were treated with cartilage island technique combined with palisade cartilage technique. ResultsThe healing rate of tympanic membrane in group 1 was 96.0% （96/100）, and in group 2 was 87.6%（78/89）.There was statistically significant in group 1 and group 2（χ²=4.504, P=0.034）.The healing rate of tympanic membrane was 94.1% （64/68） in group A, 100%（32/32）in group B, 80.0%（40/50） in group C, and 97.4% （38/39） in group D. There was no statistically significant difference between group A and group B （χ²=1.961, P=0.161）, there was statistically significant difference between group C and group D （χ²=6.149, P=0.013）, and there was statistically significant difference between group A and group C（χ²=5.492, P=0.019）There was no statistical difference between group B and group D（χ²=0.832, P=0.362）. ConclusionFor beginners of tympanoplasty, the use of cartilage island technique combined with palisade cartilage technique in otoscope can significantly improve the success rate of tympanoplasty with subtotal tympanic perforation.ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiologic feature of allergic rhinitis （AR） in the grassland area of Xilin Gol League, in Inner Mongolia, including prevalence rate, clinical characteristics and main allergens, so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of AR. MethodsFrom May to August of 2015, in strict accordance with the requirements of epidemiological investigation, A multi-stage, stratified， random and cluster sampling method was adopted to investigate the population in three areas of Xilingol Grassland in Inner Mongolia （Xilinhot, Erlianhot and Duolun）, with a face to face questionnaire used to investigate the general situation, the main clinical symptoms and related symptoms of AR and the combined. Simultaneously, the skin prick test （SPT） of 10 common grassland allergens was carried out, and the gravity sedimentation method was used to monitor the daily pollen types and quantity in the area.SAS 9.4 software was used for data analysis． ResultsA total of 2878 subjects in the clexposure in steppe area of Xilingol League in Inner Mongolian. Artemisia pollen is the main sensitized allergen.ObjectiveTo study the clinical manifestations and surgical treatment of temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leakage. MethodsThe clinical data of twenty seven cases with temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leakage were analyzed retrospectively. Different surgical procedures were adopted according to the location of the leak and the hearing status of the affected ear.If the leakage location was clear before surgery, direct repair was performed via mastoid path or middle cranial fossa path with or without mastoid abdominal fat packing.For patients with unclear leak, large lesion or intractable CEREBROspinal fluid leakage of temporal bone, subtotal petrosal resection and abdominal fat packing were performed.Subtotal temporal bone resection and abdominal fat packing were performed for patients with cochlear involvement. ResultsIn this study, cases of temporal bone CSF leakage including 13 cases of inner ear malformation; 5 cases secondary to head trauma or previous surgery,5 cases of idiopathic intracranial hypertensivered within one week. ConclusionTemporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leakage is relatively rare. Surgical intervention should be taken as early as possible when conservative treatment is failure. Preoperative HRCT and MRI examination are necessary for the localization of the leakage, and individualized surgical approaches can be adopted according to the location of the leakage and the features of the lesion.ObjectiveTo explore the value of computed tomography angiography （CTA） combined with digital technology in the vascular anatomy of the anterior thigh flap in patients with operative defects after head, neck and maxillofacial tumor operation, and in the design of preoperative and intraoperative flaps. MethodsTwenty-five cases of patients with postoperative defect after head, neck and maxillofacial tumor surgery admitted to our hospital from April 2018 to April 2019 were selected. Preoperative CTA and digital technology were used to clarify vascular anatomy and other related conditions, and the operation was carried out. Consistency analysis was applied to evaluate the value of CTA, digital technology and CTA combined digital technology in the localization of anterolateral thigh perforator flap with operative defects after head, neck and maxillofacial tumor resection, and the diagnostic efficacy of the three methods was compared. ResultsThe preoperative CTA examination revealed that there were 26 intermuscular perforators with a diameter greater than 0.