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We evaluated 35 lesions across the intraventricular septum (UPA, N = 17 vs BPA, N = 18). No difference in volume, linear dimensions or impedance drop was observed in this area between UPA and BPA. However, BPA required half RF time and showed an increased transmurality trend. We then analyzed 73 lesions from the endocardial side (UPA, N = 35 vs BPA, N = 38) and 50 from the epicardial side (UPA, N = 11 vs BPA N = 39) of the ventricular free walls. Lesion transmurality was markedly improved by BPA (P = .030, odds ratio, 23.73 [4.71,31.96]). Ventricular BPA lesions were significantly deeper on the epicardial side (P  less then  .0001) and endocardial side (P = .015). CONCLUSION Bipolar ablation is more likely to create transmural and epicardial lesions in the ventricle wall. Half the time is needed for the creation of comparably deep and large lesions. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.In this study, the synthesis of tetramethoxy resorcinarene podands bearing p-toluene arms connected by -SO3- (1) and -CH2O- (2) linkers is presented. In the solid state, the resorcinarene podand 1 forms an intramolecular self-inclusion complex of the p-toluene group, whereas the resorcinarene podand 2 did not show self-inclusion. The conformation of the flexible resorcinarene podands in solution was investigated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques using variable temperature experiments, as well as, with computational methods including conformational search and subsequent density functional theory (DFT) optimization for representative structures. The 1H NMR spectra of 1 and 2 at room temperature show a single set of proton signals that are in agreement with C4v-symmetry. At low temperatures the molecules exist as a mixture of boat conformations featuring slow exchange on the chemical shift time scale. An energy barrier (ΔG‡298) of 55.5 kJ/mol and 52.0 kJ/mol was calculated for the boat-to-boat exchange of 1 and 2, respectively. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/hc-7366.html The results of the ROESY experiments performed at 193 K and computational modelling suggest that in solution the resorcinarene podand1 adopts similar conformation to that present in its crystal structure, whereas podand 2 populates more versatile range of conformations in solution. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is a common functional test to assess brain health. Impaired CVR has been associated with all-cause cardiovascular mortality. This study investigated whether the duration of the CO2 -stimulus and the time-point used for data extraction would alter the CVR outcome measure. What is the main finding and its importance? This study demonstrated CVR measures calculated from 1- and 2-minute CO2 -stimulus durations were significantly higher than CVR calculated from a 4-minute CO2 -stimulus. CVR calculated from the first 2-minutes of the CO2 -stimulus were significantly higher than CVR calculated from the final minute if the duration was ≥4-minutes. This study highlights the need for consistent methodological approaches. ABSTRACT Cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide (CVR) is a common functional test to assess brain vascular health, though conflicting age and fitness effects have been reported. Studies have used different dy-state time-points within each stimulus duration were different (p  less then  0.001, η² = 0.454); specifically, for 4-min (p = 0.001) and 5-min (p  less then  0.001), but not 2-min stimulus durations (p = 0.273). These findings demonstrate that methodological differences alter the CVR measure. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Protein deficits have been associated with longer intensive care unit (ICU) stays and increased mortality. Current view suggests if protein goals are met, meeting full energy targets may be less important and prevent deleterious effects of overfeeding. We proposed a very-high protein (VHP) enteral nutrition (EN) formula could provide adequate protein, without overfeeding energy, in the first week of critical illness. METHODS This was a retrospective study of medical/surgical ICU patients receiving EN exclusively for ≥5 days during the first week of ICU admission. Twenty participants received standard EN; 20 participants received the VHP-EN formula (1 kcal/mL, 37% protein). Protein and energy prescribed/received, gastrointestinal tolerance, and feeding interruptions were examined. RESULTS Forty ICU patients [average Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 20.1] were included. Protein prescribed and received was significantly higher in the VHP group vs the standard EN group (135.5 g/d ± 22.9 vs 111.4 g/d ± 25; P = .003 and 112.2 g/d ± 27.8 vs 81.7 g/d ± 16.7, respectively; P = .002). Energy prescribed and received was similar between groups (1696 kcal/d ± 402 vs 1893 kcal/d ± 341, respectively; P = .101 and 1520 kcal/d ± 346 vs 1506 ± 380 kcal/d; P = .901). There were no differences in EN tolerance (P = .065) or feeding interruptions (P = .336). CONCLUSIONS Use of a VHP formula in ICU patients resulted in higher protein intakes without overfeeding energy or use of modular protein in the first 5 days of exclusive EN. © 2020 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.Development of novel bioimaging materials that exhibit organelle specific accumulation continues to be at the forefront of research interests and efforts. Among the various subcellular organelles, mitochondria, which are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, are of particular interest in relation to their vital function. To date, most molecular probes that target mitochondria utilise delocalised lipophilic cations such as triphenylphosphonium and pyridinium. However, the use of such charged motifs is known to be detrimental to the working function of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and there remains a strong case for development of neutral mitochondrial fluorescent probes. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time the exploitation of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based chemistries for the realisation of a neutral fluorescent probe that exhibits organelle specific accumulation within the mitochondria at the nanomolar level. The synthesised probe, which bears a neutral triphenylphosphine oxide moiety, exhibits a large Stokes shift and high fluorescence quantum yield in water, both highly sought-after properties in the development of bioimaging agents.