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The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a worldwide serious agricultural pest, and recently invades in South China. Sex pheromone can be employed to monitor its population dynamics accurately in the field. However, the pheromone components previously reported by testing different geographic populations and strains are not consistent. find more On the basis of confirming that the S. frugiperda population from Yunnan province belonged to the corn strain, we analyzed the potential sex pheromone components in the pheromone gland extracts of females using the gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electroantennography (EAG). The results show that (Z)-9-tetradecenal acetate (Z9-14Ac), (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16Ac), (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12Ac) or (E)-7-dodecenyl acetate (E7-12Ac) with a ratio of 100 15.8 3.9 induced EAD responses to varying degree Z9-14Ac elicited a strong EAD response, Z7-12Ac or E7-12Ac elicited a small but clear EAD response, while Z11-16Ac elicited a weak EAD response. The further single sensillum recording (SSR) showed that Z9-14Ac and Z7-12Ac induced dose-dependent activities in two types (A and B) of sensilla in male antennae, respectively, while the sensilla in response to E7-12Ac and Z11-16Ac was not recorded. Finally, wind tunnel tests reveal that Z9-14Ac and Z7-12Ac are two principal sex pheromone components of the tested population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Indeterminate thyroid lesions have always been a grey zone in the field of thyroid cytopathology. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) has emerged as a promising tool to correctly classify these indeterminate thyroid lesions into benign and malignant. Hence we planned to assess a panel of immune markers in the diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid lesions consisting of Galectin-3, considered positive for malignancy and CD117 which is positive in benign follicular epithelial cells and negative in malignant lesions.

All the thyroid aspirates reported as indeterminate lesions over a period of 3 years were evaluated. Galectin-3 and CD117 immunocytochemistry was done in 50 alcohol fixed Pap stained smears of AUS/FLUS, FN/SFN and SM category lesions. The expression of both immune markers was assessed by semi-quantitative method and ICC score was calculated.

Of 50 indeterminate lesions, 29 were positive for Galectin-3 and 21 were negative. CD117 was positive in 19 cases and rests 31 were negative. With the use of this ICC panel 29/30 indeterminate lesions in which histopathological correlation was available could be recategorized correctly into benign and malignant. The combined sensitivity and specificity of Galectin-3 and CD117 for categorising the indeterminate lesions into malignant category was 100%.

The combined use of positive and negative immune markers for thyroid malignancy increases the sensitivity and specificity of ICC to categorise the indeterminate thyroid lesions into benign and malignant. In cases with discordant ICC results we propose that inclusion of one additional positive and/or negative marker may resolve the diagnostic dilemma.

The combined use of positive and negative immune markers for thyroid malignancy increases the sensitivity and specificity of ICC to categorise the indeterminate thyroid lesions into benign and malignant. In cases with discordant ICC results we propose that inclusion of one additional positive and/or negative marker may resolve the diagnostic dilemma.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is no longer a contraindication for liver transplantation (LT). While therapeutic anticoagulation (tAC) is recommended during the waiting period, there is no evidence for its usefulness in the prevention of PVT recurrence after LT.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of tAC post-LT in the prevention of PVT recurrence.

All adult LTs performed in twohigh-volume centers between 2003 and 2018 were retrospectively analysed. Only patients with PVT classified as Yerdel grade I or II and with standard portal reconstruction were included. PVT recurrence and tAC-associated morbidity within 1year were compared between patients receiving tAC or not.

During the study period, of 2612 LTs performed, 235 (9%) patients with PVT were included; 113 patients (48.1%) received post-LT tAC (tAC group) while 122 (51.9%) did not (non-tAC group). The incidence of bleeding events was significantly higher in the tAC group (26 [23%] vs. 5 [4.1%], P<.01) and the initial hospitalization duration was longer (21 vs. 17.5days, P<.01). Within the first year, PVT recurrence was observed for 9 (3.8%) patients without any difference between the tAC and non-tAC groups (6 [5.1%] vs. 3 [2.5%], P=.39). The only identified risk factor for PVT recurrence was the recipients' age (odds ratio= 0.94, P=.03). Graft (P=.11) and patient (P=.44) survival were similar between the twogroups.

Therapeutic anticoagulation is not necessary in the prevention of grade I/II PVT recurrence and is associated with higher morbidity and longer hospital stay.

Therapeutic anticoagulation is not necessary in the prevention of grade I/II PVT recurrence and is associated with higher morbidity and longer hospital stay.The adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T cells has been successfully applied in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, its application in the treatment of solid tumors has been overshadowed by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this context, a preprocessing strategy is developed to reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment using a thermoresponsive hydrogel loaded with doxorubicin (DOX@Gel). Compared with hydrogel-based chemotherapy alone or adoptive T cell therapy alone, this combination exhibits enhanced anti-tumor efficacy. In addition to the direct killing of tumor cells, the local chemotherapy releases tumor-associated antigens which enhance the proliferation and effector function of endogenous and adoptively transferred T cells. Moreover, DOX@Gel significantly reduces the numbers of both myeloid derived suppressor cells and Tregs in tumor microenvironment. It is suggested that DOX@Gel promotes the efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells against solid tumors, overcoming the key limitations of adoptive T cell therapy.