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Cancer has become the second leading cause of death worldwide; however, its complex pathogenesis remains largely unclear. Previous research has shown that cancer development and progression are closely associated with various non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs, which regulate gene expression. Target gene abnormalities are regulated and engaged in the complex mechanism underlying tumor formation, thereby controlling apoptosis, invasion, and migration of tumor cells and providing potentially effective targets for the treatment of malignant tumors. Chemotherapy is a commonly used therapeutic strategy for cancer; however, its effectiveness is limited by general toxicity and tumor cell drug resistance. Therefore, increasing attention has been paid to developing new cancer treatment modalities using traditional Chinese medicines, which exert regulatory effects on multiple components, targets, and pathways. Several active ingredients in Chinese medicine, including ginsenoside, baicalin, and matrine have been found to regulate ncRNA expression levels, thus, exerting anti-tumor effects. This review summarizes the scientific progress made regarding the anti-tumor mechanisms elicited by various active ingredients of Chinese medicine in regulating non-coding RNAs, to provide a theoretical foundation for treating tumors using traditional Chinese medicine.

In addition to being rare, metastases to the kidney present clinicians with issues regarding their treatment.

We retrospectively analyzed 35 cases of diagnosed renal metastases. The clinical characteristics, imaging features, pathological features, diagnosis, and treatment were analyzed, and Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression analysis were used to calculate overall survival (OS) and influencing factors.

The average age of the patients was 62 years, and 40% presented with symptoms. The most common primary tumor was lung cancer (60%), and two patients had renal metastases coexisting with renal cell carcinoma. The average interval from primary tumor to renal metastasis was 29.4 months. Only 45.5% of the patients who underwent enhanced computerized tomography were diagnosed with renal metastases. Renal biopsy was performed in 16 patients (45.7%), leading to a diagnosis in 15 (93.8%). Twenty-one patients (60%) received surgical treatment, and median recurrence free survival of these patients was 7 months (95% CI, 5 to 12). Overall, the median OS was 44 months for patients who underwent renal surgery, and 52 months for patients who did not (P = 0.672). However, for patients without metastases at other sites, surgery could significantly prolong OS (P = 0.001).

Although rare, the possibility of renal metastasis should be considered after finding renal tumors in patients with primary tumors in other organs, and can be diagnosed by imaging examination and puncture biopsy. 8-OH-DPAT 5-HT Receptor agonist For patients without other metastases, surgical intervention can be considered for the renal lesions.

Although rare, the possibility of renal metastasis should be considered after finding renal tumors in patients with primary tumors in other organs, and can be diagnosed by imaging examination and puncture biopsy. For patients without other metastases, surgical intervention can be considered for the renal lesions.

To investigate whether a radiomics model can help to improve the performance of PI-RADS v2.1 in prostate cancer (PCa).

This was a retrospective analysis of 203 patients with pathologically confirmed PCa or non-PCa between March 2015 and December 2016. Patients were divided into a training set (n = 141) and a validation set (n = 62). The radiomics model (Rad-score) was developed based on multi-parametric MRI including T2 weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) imaging, and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) imaging. The combined model involving Rad-score and PI-RADS was compared with PI-RADS for the diagnosis of PCa by using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.

A total of 112 (55.2%) patients had PCa, and 91 (44.8%) patients had benign lesions. For PCa versus non-PCa, the Rad-score had a significantly higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) [0.979 (95% CI, 0.940-0.996)] than PI-RADS [0.905 (0.844-0.948),

= 0.002] in the training set. However, the AUC between them was insignificant in the validation set [0.861 (0.749-0.936)

0.845 (0.731-0.924),

= 0.825]. When Rad-score was added to PI-RADS, the performance of the PI-RADS was significantly improved for the PCa diagnosis (AUC = 0.989,

< 0.001 for the training set and AUC = 0.931,

= 0.038 for the validation set).

The radiomics based on multi-parametric MRI can help to improve the diagnostic performance of PI-RADS v2.1 in PCa.

The radiomics based on multi-parametric MRI can help to improve the diagnostic performance of PI-RADS v2.1 in PCa.

Infiltrative basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has a higher risk for post-surgical recurrence as compared to the most common low-aggressive superficial and nodular BCC. Independent diagnostic criteria for infiltrative BCC diagnosis have not been still defined. Improving the pre-surgical recognition of infiltrative BCC might significantly reduce the risk of incomplete excision and recurrence.

The aim of this study is to define clinical and dermoscopic criteria that can differentiate infiltrative BCC from the most common low-aggressive superficial and nodular BCC.

Clinical and dermoscopic images of infiltrative, superficial, and nodular BCC were retrospectively retrieved from our database and jointly evaluated by two experienced dermoscopists, blinded for the histologic subtype. Pairwise comparisons between the three histologic subtypes were performed and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed in order to define clinical and dermoscopic factors independently associated with each subtype. To vaing the risk for post-surgical recurrence.

We defined the clinical-dermoscopic profile of infiltrative BCC, allowing to differentiate this variant from superficial and nodular BCC. This will improve pre-surgical recognition of infiltrative forms, reducing the risk for post-surgical recurrence.The American Cancer Society has estimated an expected 279,100 new breast cancer cases, and an expected 42,690 breast cancer deaths in the U.S. for the year 2020. This includes an estimated 276,480 women who are expected to be diagnosed. Radiation therapy, also called ionizing radiation therapy, is one of the most frequently used methods in the treatment of breast cancer. While radiation therapy is used in the treatment of more than 50% of all cancer cases, tumor resistance to ionizing radiation presents a major challenge for effective cancer treatment. Most tumor cells are in a hypoxic microenvironment that promotes resistance to radiation therapy. In addition to radiation resistance, the hypoxic microenvironment also promotes cancer proliferation and metastasis. In this review, we will discuss the hypoxic microenvironment of breast cancer tumors, related signaling pathways, breast cancer stem-like cells, and the resistance to radiation therapy. Recent developments in our understanding of tumor hypoxia and hypoxic pathways may assist us in developing new strategies to increase cancer control in radiation therapy.Forkhead box transcription factor, FOXM1 is implicated in several cellular processes such as proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell differentiation, DNA damage repair, tissue homeostasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and redox signaling. In addition to being a boon for the normal functioning of a cell, FOXM1 turns out to be a bane by manifesting in several disease scenarios including cancer. It has been given an oncogenic status based on several evidences indicating its role in tumor development and progression. FOXM1 is highly expressed in several cancers and has also been implicated in poor prognosis. A comprehensive understanding of various aspects of this molecule has revealed its role in angiogenesis, invasion, migration, self- renewal and drug resistance. In this review, we attempt to understand various mechanisms underlying FOXM1 gene and protein regulation in cancer including the different signaling pathways, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications. Identifying crucial molecules associated with these processes can aid in the development of potential pharmacological approaches to curb FOXM1 mediated tumorigenesis.

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a common cause of death from gynecological cancer, with an overall survival rate that has not significantly improved in decades. Reliable bio-markers are needed to identify high-risk HGSOC to assist in the selection and development of treatment options.

The study included ten HGSOC cohorts, which were merged into four separate cohorts including a total of 1,526 samples. We used the relative expression of immune genes to construct the gene-pair matrix, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was performed to build the prognosis model using the training set. The prognosis of the model was verified in the training set (363 cases) and three validation sets (of 251, 354, and 558 cases). Finally, the differences in immune cell infiltration and gene enrichment pathways between high and low score groups were identified.

A prognosis model of HGSOC overall survival rate was constructed in the training set, and included data for 35 immune gene-ctive studies will be needed to assess the practical application of this model for precision therapy.

The prognostic model based on immune-related gene pairs developed is a potential prognostic marker for high-grade serous ovarian cancer treated with platinum. The model has robust prognostic ability and wide applicability. More prospective studies will be needed to assess the practical application of this model for precision therapy.

To identify cytokines in plasma that may predict objective response and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with chemoradiotherapy.

From April 2016 to May 2017, thirty-one patients with locally advanced inoperable/unresectable NSCLC were included, and treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). No immune checkpoint inhibitors were administered after CCRT. Plasma from each patient was collected before radiotherapy, and 25 cytokines in the plasma were measured by Luminex or U-PLEX assays. Logistic regression and COX regression were performed to identify the predictive factors for objective response and PFS, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the PFS between the groups.

High levels of IL-13 and TNF-α, and low levels of ICAM-1, IFN-γ, and soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) were significantly associated with objective response (

0.05). High levels of IL-8, CCL5, and CXCL3 also showed a trend toward association with objective response (

0.1). The combination of cytokines (IL-8 and ICAM-1, or TNF-α and sPD-L1) improved predictive accuracy. Univariate analysis identified IL-8 and ICAM-1 as potential markers to predict PFS. Multivariate analysis suggested that high level of IL-8 (

=0.010) and low level of ICAM-1 (

=0.011) correlated significantly with a longer PFS.

IL-8 and ICAM-1 in plasma have the potential to predict objective response and PFS in patients with locally advanced NSCLC underwent chemoradiotherapy.

IL-8 and ICAM-1 in plasma have the potential to predict objective response and PFS in patients with locally advanced NSCLC underwent chemoradiotherapy.