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Substance use disorder is a serious public health problem. It is essential to know who is prone to substance use in order to adopt appropriate measures.

This study aims to determine the use prevalence ratios of substance use (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, synthetic cannabinoids, ecstasy, and others) in a large-scale sample of a general population. It also intends to examine related sociodemographic factors.

This study is based on a cross-sectional survey conducted with a nationally representative sample of 24,494 individuals in face-to-face interviews conducted by a trained team of 125 clinical psychologists.

Lifetime prevalence of single substance use and polysubstance use are 4.5 and 2.6%, respectively (nicotine and alcohol excluded). Age, gender, education level, and marital status are important sociodemographic determinants for other substance use. Similarly, smoking and alcohol consumption are important determinants for other substance use. The multinomial regression analysis results showed that compared with adults aged 39 years and older, early-emerging adults (aged 18-23 years), late-emerging adults (aged 24-29 years), and young adults (aged 30-39 years) are more likely to turn to single substance use and polysubstance use.

Tobacco, alcohol, and other substance use are serious health concerns in Turkey. Sociodemographic status is an important determinant of several aspects of tobacco, alcohol, and other substance use and, therefore, should be examined thoroughly to be able to develop effective protective and preventive strategies.

Tobacco, alcohol, and other substance use are serious health concerns in Turkey. Sociodemographic status is an important determinant of several aspects of tobacco, alcohol, and other substance use and, therefore, should be examined thoroughly to be able to develop effective protective and preventive strategies.

Although anyone can be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, it may cause additional concern for people with chronic conditions. Epilepsy is the most common neurological disease in childhood and adolescence. The aim of this study was to determine anxiety levels among the mothers of children under follow-up for epilepsy in our clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The study group consisted of the mothers of epilepsy patients who were under follow-up in the pediatric neurology outpatient clinic of the tertiary care center and were scheduled for a routine examination during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mothers' anxiety levels according to the Beck Anxiety Inventory and their opinions about COVID-19 in relation to their child were assessed and compared based on whether the mother/patient attended their appointments in person and whether the child had frequent or infrequent seizures.

There was no statistically significant difference in anxiety level between the mothers of 64 children with epilepsy who attended their appointment during the pandemic and those of the mothers of 52 who did not attend their appointment. However, the mothers of children with frequent seizures had significantly higher anxiety levels.

Anxiety level of mothers whose children have frequent seizures was significantly higher compared to mothers whose children have infrequent seizures. It is important to be aware about this point and using telemedicine approach in suitable population and postpone routine outpatient follow-up appointments as much as possible.

Anxiety level of mothers whose children have frequent seizures was significantly higher compared to mothers whose children have infrequent seizures. It is important to be aware about this point and using telemedicine approach in suitable population and postpone routine outpatient follow-up appointments as much as possible.

The oldest-old population (80 years or older) has the highest lethality from COVID-19. learn more There is little information on the clinical presentation and specific prognostic factors for this group. This trial evaluated the clinical presentation and prognostic factors of severe disease and mortality in the oldest-old population.

This is an ambispective cohort study of oldest-old patients hospitalized for respiratory infection associated with COVID-19 and with a positive test by RT-PCR. The clinical presentation and the factors associated with severe disease and mortality were evaluated (logistic regression). All patients were followed up until discharge or death.

A total of 103 patients (59.2% female) were included. The most frequent symptoms were fever (68.9%), dyspnoea (60.2%), and cough (39.8%), and 11.7% presented confusion. Fifty-nine patients (57.3%) presented severe disease, and 59 died, with 43 patients (41.7%) presenting both of these. In the multivariate analysis, female sex (odds ratio [OR] 0.31, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.13-0.73, p 0.0074) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.21-5.37, p 0.0139) were associated with severe disease, and serum sodium was associated with mortality (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.18-8.26, p 0.0222). link2 No chronic disease or pharmacological treatment was associated with worse outcomes.

The typical presenting symptoms of respiratory infection in COVID-19 are less frequent in the oldest-old population. Male sex and LDH level are associated with severe disease, and the serum sodium level is associated with mortality in this population.

The typical presenting symptoms of respiratory infection in COVID-19 are less frequent in the oldest-old population. Male sex and LDH level are associated with severe disease, and the serum sodium level is associated with mortality in this population.We present the case of a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) secondary to a ruptured cerebral aneurysm and a refractory shock with high doses of vasopressors without a proven source of infection. This patient received therapy with high-volume hemofiltration plus adsorption, resolving the hemodynamic deterioration and with good neurological evolution. Our clinical case proposes that extracorporeal therapies may have a feasibility role in the management of complications of SAH.

Facial pain (FP) is a type of neuropathic pain which recognizes both central and peripheral causes. It can be difficult to treat because it can often become resistant to pharmacological treatments. Motor Cortex Stimulation (MCS) has been used in selected cases, but the correct indications of MCS in FP have not been fully established. Here we systematically reviewed the literature regarding MCS in FP analysing the results of this technique and studying the possible role of different factors in the prognosis of these patients.

A literature search was performed through different databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) according to PRISMA guidelines using the following terms in any possible combination "facial pain" or "trigeminal" or "anaesthesia dolorosa" and "motor cortex stimulation."

111 articles were reviewed, and 12 studies were included in the present analysis for a total of 108 patients. Overall, at latest follow-up (FU), 70.83% of patients responded to MCS. The preoperative VAS significantly decreased at the latest FU (8.83 ± 1.17 and 4.31 ± 2.05, respectively; p < 0.0001). Younger age (p = 0.0478) and a peripheral FP syndrome (p = 0.0006) positively affected the definitive implantation rate on univariate analysis. Younger age emerged as a factor strongly associated to a higher probability to go to a definitive MCS implant on multivariate analysis (p = 0.0415).

Our results evidenced the effectiveness of MCS in treating FP. Moreover, the younger age emerged as a positive prognostic factor for definitive implantation. Further studies with longer FU are needed to better evaluate the long-term results of MCS.

Our results evidenced the effectiveness of MCS in treating FP. Moreover, the younger age emerged as a positive prognostic factor for definitive implantation. Further studies with longer FU are needed to better evaluate the long-term results of MCS.

We examined select pulmonary effects and donor cell kinetics after transamniotic stem cell therapy (TRASCET) in a model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Pregnant dams (n = 58) received nitrofen on gestational day 9.5 (E9) to induce fetal CDH. Fetuses (n = 681) were divided into 4 groups untreated (n = 99) and 3 groups receiving volume-matched intra-amniotic injections on E17 of either saline (n = 142), luciferase-labeled amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (afMSCs; n = 299), or acellular recombinant luciferase (n = 141). Pulmonary morphometry, quantitative gene expression of pulmonary vascular tone mediators, or screening for labeled afMSCs were performed at term (E22). Statistical comparisons were by Mann-Whitney U-test, nested ANOVA, and Wald test.

TRASCET led to significant downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and endothelin receptor-A expressions compared to both untreated and saline groups (both p < 0.001). TRASCET also led to a significant decrease in arteriole wall thickness compared to the untreated group (p < 0.001) but not the saline group (p = 0.180). Donor afMSCs were identified in the bone marrow and umbilical cord (p = 0.035 and 0.015, respectively, vs. plain luciferase controls).

The effects of TRASCET in experimental CDH appear to be centered on the pulmonary vasculature and to derive from circulating donor cells.

The effects of TRASCET in experimental CDH appear to be centered on the pulmonary vasculature and to derive from circulating donor cells.Elderly patients with systemic disorders and immunocompromised patients seem to have a higher risk of developing morbidity from COVID-19. Candida albicans (C. link3 albicans) is a potentially dangerous pathogen for these patients, especially for denture wearers with prosthetic stomatitis who require mechanical ventilation. C. albicans infection, the main candidiasis infection associated with denture wear, can complicate COVID-19 and increase the associated morbidity and mortality. Therefore, early diagnosis of C. albicans infection in COVID-19 patients is important to establish more effective antifungal treatment methods and prophylaxis strategies. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients should undergo an oral examination to assess their oral health, and those with poor oral health should receive the appropriate care and monitoring.

Hyposmia is frequently reported as an initial symptom in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

As hyposmia accompanies cognitive impairment in several neurological disorders, we aimed to study whether hyposmia represents a clinical biomarker for both neurological involvement and cognitive impairment in mild CO-VID-19. We aimed to study whether olfactory dysfunction (OD) represents a clinical biomarker for both neurological involvement and cognitive impairment in mild COVID-19.

Formal olfactory testing using the Sniffin'Sticks® Screening test, neuropsychological assessment using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and detailed neurological examination were performed in 7 COVID-19 patients with mild disease course and no history of olfactory or cognitive impairment, and 7 controls matched for age, sex, and education. Controls were initially admitted to a dedicated COVID-19 screening ward but tested negative by real-time PCR.

The number of correctly identified odors was significantly lower in COVID-19 than in controls (6 ± 3, vs.