Zachariassenmartinez2600

The mainstream of treatment of early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is represented by transoral resection with "adequate" free margins. Despite that, a precise and shared definition of "adequate margin" is lacking, and so is a standardized transoral surgical technique.The tongue is a symmetrically paired organ, consisting of intertwining intrinsic and extrinsic muscles, which can be distinguished during dissection. Routes of tumoral spread in oral tongue cancer are well-known and should be taken into account during resection. We propose herein a standardized and replicable surgical technique to resect early-stage OTSCC, based on rational anatomical considerations. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Self-determination, as a person dispositional characteristic, is indeed influenced by situational characteristics that shape actions across contexts. Research has also reported differences in self-determination as a function of personal factors, but there is a need to integrate this knowledge in a general model aiming to analyse the impact of contextual variables in adolescents with and without disabilities. An integrative model of self-determination and related contextual factors was tested through a structural equation modelling approach. Participants were adolescents that reported their perceptions on self-determination dimensions and opportunities. Results indicated that educational and family contexts impacted self-determination and provided further understanding on self-determination dimensions' entity and function. Serine Protease inhibitor Relevant implications for self-determination measure, comprehension and promotion derived from this study are discussed. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the most important obstacle to improving the clinical outcomes of diagnosis and therapy of glioblastoma. Thus, the development of a novel nanoplatform that can efficiently traverse the BBB and achieve both precise diagnosis and therapy is of great importance. Herein, an intelligent nanoplatform based on holo-transferrin (holo-Tf) with in situ growth of MnO2 nanocrystals is constructed via a reformative mild biomineralization process. Furthermore, protoporphyrin (ppIX), acting as a sonosensitizer, is then conjugated into holo-Tf to obtain MnO2 @Tf-ppIX nanoparticles (TMP). Because of the functional inheritance of holo-Tf during fabrication, TMP can effectively traverse the BBB for highly specific magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of orthotopic glioblastoma. Clear suppression of tumor growth in a C6 tumor xenograft model is achieved via sonodynamic therapy. Importantly, the experiments also indicate that the TMP nanoplatform has satisfactory biocompatibility and biosafety, which favors potential clinical translation. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tobacco and cannabis are commonly co-used, and evidence for the influence of co-use on quit outcomes for either substance is mixed. We sought to determine the efficacy of tobacco and/or cannabis use interventions delivered to co-users on cannabis and tobacco use outcomes. METHOD Systematic review with meta-analysis and narrative review, using five databases and author requests for co-use data. Controlled and uncontrolled intervention studies focusing on treatment of tobacco and/or cannabis use assessing use of both pre- and post-intervention were included. Prevention interventions were excluded. Bayesian meta-analysis was used across four outcome measures risk ratio for tobacco and cannabis cessation post-intervention separately; standardized mean change for tobacco and cannabis reduction post-intervention separately. Narrative reporting of the same outcome measures in non-randomized clinical trials (non-RCTs) and quality assessment of all included studies were conducted. RESULTS Twenty ste indicated feasibility and acceptability. CONCLUSIONS Single and multi-substance interventions addressing tobacco and/or cannabis have not shown a clear effect on either tobacco or cannabis cessation and reduction among co-users. However, dual substance interventions targeting tobacco and cannabis appear feasible. © 2020 Society for the Study of Addiction.OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationships among four different gustatory function tests in healthy young adults electrogustometry (EGM), filter paper disk (FPD), whole-mouth, and taste strip methods. The relationships of the results of gustatory function tests with salivary flow rate were also investigated. METHODS Sixty healthy young adults (30 men, 26.9 ± 4.7 years; 30 women, 25.7 ± 4.6 years) who did not have disorders or conditions related with gustatory function were included. Four different gustatory function tests using the EGM, FPD, whole-mouth, and taste strip methods were performed in each participant with 2- to 3-day intervals between tests. The flow rates of unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva were measured. RESULTS There were no significant differences between sexes in all the examined gustatory function tests. The levels of correlations between the gustatory function tests were low. The EGM threshold correlated with the taste score of the FPD method in the chorda tympani nerve area. Different chemical gustatory function tests did not correlate significantly in any of the four taste qualities. Salivary flow rates did not correlate with taste perception. CONCLUSIONS The correlations between gustatory function tests were weak. A significant correlation was found between the results of EGM and FPD methods in the chorda tympani nerve area. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.Excavating and developing highly efficient and cost-effective nonnoble metal single-atom catalysts for electrocatalytic reactions is of paramount significance but still in its infancy. Herein, reported is a general NaCl template-assisted strategy for rationally designing and preparing a series of isolated transition metal single atoms (Fe/Co/Ni) anchored on honeycomb-like nitrogen-doped carbon matrix (M1 -HNC-T1 -T2 , M = Fe/Co/Ni, T1 = 500 °C, T2 = 850 °C). The resulting M1 -HNC-500-850 with M-N4 active sites exhibits superior capability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with the half-wave potential order of Fe1 -HNC-500-850 > Co1 -HNC-500-850 > Ni1 -HNC-500-850, in which Fe1 -HNC-500-850 shows better performance than commercial Pt/C. Density functional theory calculations reveal a choice strategy that the strong p-d-coupled spatial charge separation results the Fe-N4 effectively merges active electrons for elevating d-band activity in a van-Hove singularity like character. This essentially generalizes an optimal electronic exchange-and-transfer (ExT) capability for boosting sluggish alkaline ORR activity.