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59), with 47% of patients showing statistically reliable improvement in their symptoms. The only significant predictor of treatment response was eligibility for a recognition procedure, with the total model explaining approximately 10% of the variation in treatment response.

Intensifying treatment for police officers with PTSD who do not respond to previous trauma-focused treatment appears beneficial for a substantial number of patients. However, eligibility for a recognition procedure may negatively impact treatment response. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Intensifying treatment for police officers with PTSD who do not respond to previous trauma-focused treatment appears beneficial for a substantial number of patients. However, eligibility for a recognition procedure may negatively impact treatment response. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Recent research has shown a link between self-compassion, posttraumatic growth (PTG), and emotion-focused coping strategies (i.e., positive reframing and acceptance). Studies have also found evidence for the use of problem-focused strategies (i.e., active coping, planning, and instrumental support) as mediators between self-compassion and stress, and the use of these strategies has been found to predict PTG. However, no studies have directly examined the relationship between self-compassion, PTG, and the use of problem-focused coping strategies. This study investigated the association between self-compassion, emotion- and problem-focused coping, and PTG in trauma survivors.

Participants were 111 emerging adults aged 18 to 29, from Canada and the United States, who completed an online survey that included measures of coping, PTG, and self-compassion.

Self-compassion and PTG were both correlated with three coping styles, active coping, instrumental support, and positive reframing. All three coping styles ion reduces one's tendency to overidentify with negative emotions through positive reframing. The use of active coping and instrumental support also allows individuals to feel more capable in dealing with their traumatic events. Incorporating problem-focused self-compassion-based practices in cognitive behavioral and exposure-based therapies may offer additional benefits by reducing self-criticism to better promote active recovery from traumatic events. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Women veterans are disproportionately affected by intimate partner violence (IPV). Within the civilian literature, intimate partner stalking (IPS) is a common, uniquely deleterious form of IPV; the present study seeks to prospectively examine the psychological effects of IPS among women veterans.

Women veterans (

= 266) were recruited using the KnowledgePanel, a probability-based survey panel; participants completed surveys at time 1 (T1) and at time 2 (T2) follow-up 18 months later. Women responded to questionnaires assessing IPV and IPS experiences, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety.

At T1, 54.5% of women reported lifetime IPV, of whom 64.1% reported IPS; at T2, 49.2% reported past-year IPV, of whom 7.6% experienced past-year IPS. Bivariately, women in the T1 IPS group reported higher T2 PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms than the T1 IPV only and no IPV groups. In a multivariate model, there remained indirect effects of T1 IPS on T2 PTSD symptoms, when other forms of violence (i.e., T1 and T2 IPV, MST, IPS) were controlled.

When added to models including other forms of IPV, women who experienced IPS reported increased risk for PTSD symptoms, which predicted heightened PTSD symptoms over time. Providers treating women veterans should assess for experiences of IPS as an additional form of IPV and address PTSD to prevent the development of subsequent comorbid psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

When added to models including other forms of IPV, women who experienced IPS reported increased risk for PTSD symptoms, which predicted heightened PTSD symptoms over time. Providers treating women veterans should assess for experiences of IPS as an additional form of IPV and address PTSD to prevent the development of subsequent comorbid psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).People consume, remember, and discuss not only memories of lived experiences, but also events from works of fiction, such as books, movies, and TV shows. We argue that these memories of fiction represent an important category of event memory, best understood within an autobiographical memory framework. How do fictional events yield psychological realities even when they are known to be invented? We explored this question in three studies by comparing the memory content, phenomenological qualities, and functional roles of naturally occurring personal memories to memories of fiction. In Studies 1 and 2, we characterized the subjective experience of memories of fiction by adapting established measures of autobiographical remembering, such as the Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire (Rubin et al., 2003), Centrality of Event Scale (Berntsen & Rubin, 2006), and items from the Thinking About Life Experiences Scale (Bluck et al., 2005; Pillemer et al., 2015). In Study 3, we investigated similarities and differences in personal memories and memories of fiction for events from childhood or the recent past. In doing so, we observed the impact of a unique property of memories of fiction their ability to be repeatedly reexperienced in their original form. Taken together, we argue that memories of fiction can be considered similar to other forms of autobiographical remembering and describe a theoretical framework for understanding memories of fiction in the context of other event memories. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).A classic question in visual working memory (VWM) research is whether features from the same object are bound directly in an integrated representation or are maintained separately and bound only indirectly though shared location. Here, we examined this question using a novel method that probed the effects of VWM on the guidance of attention (rather than requiring explicit access to VWM content, as has typically been used). Participants remembered two color-shape conjunction objects. During a retention-interval search task, they searched for a target letter among distractor letters superimposed over color-shape conjunction items. There were two critical conditions. In the same-object-match condition, one search item matched both the color and shape of a single remembered object. In the different-object-match condition, one search item matched the color from one remembered object and the shape from the other. Robust effects of VWM-based guidance were observed, both when probing the incidental guidance of attention (Experiments 1 and 2) and the strategic guidance of attention (Experiment 3). Critically, in none of the experiments was the magnitude of guidance greater for same-object-match than for different-object-match. The results indicate that the representational units of guidance from VWM are individual features rather than integrated objects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).One hundred and five memory disordered (MD) patients and 57 controls were tested on item recognition memory and lexical decision tasks, and diffusion model analyses were conducted on accuracy and response time distributions for correct and error responses. The diffusion model fit the data well for the MD patients and control subjects, the results replicated earlier studies with young and older adults, and individual differences were consistent between the item recognition and lexical decision tasks. In the diffusion model analysis, MD patients had lower drift rates (with mild Alzheimer's [AD] patients lower than mild cognitive impairment [MCI] patients) as well as wider boundaries and longer nondecision times. These data and results were used in a series of studies to examine how well MD patients could be discriminated from controls using machine-learning techniques, linear discriminant analysis, logistic regression, and support vector machines (all of which produced similar results). There was about 83% accuracy in separating MD from controls, and within the MD group, AD patients had about 90% accuracy and MCI patients had about 68% accuracy (controls had about 90% accuracy). These methods might offer an adjunct to traditional clinical diagnosis. Limitations are noted including difficulties in obtaining a matched group of control subjects as well as the possibility of misdiagnosis of MD patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Decision-makers frequently use numerical estimates, such as distances, future prices, and the expected timing of events. How do they evaluate these estimates, once they observe the "correct" values? This research finds that when people evaluate estimates for their accuracy, they judge underestimates to be better than overestimates in these comparisons. For instance, if an obtained stock price is $25, an underestimate interval ($21-$23) is evaluated better than an overestimate interval ($27-$29), and a point value underestimate of $22 is evaluated better than an overestimate ($28). Perceptions of under (vs. over) estimates in turn influence important decisions, such as which forecasters to hire, based on their past estimates. Six experiments demonstrate this effect across multiple decision domains and support a numerical processing framework for the finding. The results suggest that people find it easier (more difficult) to calculate the difference between an underestimate (overestimate) and the correct value, which in turn influences the perceived accuracy of the estimate. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).American parents describe bonding with their child as a primary reason for engaging in shared picture book reading. One prominent reading intervention (dialogic reading) reliably increases language outcomes, but until recently, has not been evaluated for how well it promotes warm parent-child interactions. In this study, a digital application designed to promote parent-child conversation by modeling dialogic questioning also increased mutuality, positivity, and on-task behaviors. Three- and 4-year-old American children (n = 73) and their parents were randomly assigned to read 10 times at home either (a) an eBook with a character who modeled dialogic questioning (experimental); (b) a version of the same eBook without modeling (control); or (c) to choose between versions for each reading (choice). An adaption of the PARCHISY coding scheme was used to evaluate parent, child, and dyadic behaviors during in-lab readings at the beginning and end of the 2-week home reading period. At the final visit, experimental group families showed significant growth in mutuality (i.e., responsiveness, reciprocity, and cooperation), on-task behaviors, and parent and child positivity, and displayed more of these behaviors than families not exposed to modeling. Some increases in mutuality and positivity also emerged in families in the choice condition, but fewer than in families who only read the eBook with modeling. Parents and children exhibited no significant changes in negativity in any condition. ALK assay This study suggests that carefully designed digital technology has the potential to foster positive shared reading interactions between parents and young children. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).