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ight © 2020 Jun Han et al.Aim Sarcopenia, a core component of physical frailty, is an independent risk factor for suboptimal health outcomes in hospitalized patients, especially in the intensive care patients. Psoas muscle areas can be assessed to identify sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of psoas muscle area measured with CT for the prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism at admission to the intensive care unit. Methods Patients with an admission abdominal computed tomography scan and requiring intensive care unit (ICU) stay were reviewed. Selected clinical data of patients admitted to intensive care unit for the management of pulmonary embolism were collected. Using CT scan images at the level of L3 vertebra, the psoas muscle area value was obtained by dividing the sum of the right and left psoas muscle areas into the body surface area. Results In-hospital mortality rate was 22.5% in 89 patients. The pulmonary embolism patients with in-hospital mortality had higher PESI and lower value of psoas muscle area, in addition to the lower systolic blood pressure and arterial oxygen saturation at admission. The increase in the value of psoas muscle area is associated with a decrease in the rate of in-hospital mortality. In patients with in-hospital mortality related to pulmonary embolism, the higher PESI and the lower value of psoas muscle area were considered in accordance with the outcome of patients. Conclusions For the prediction of in-hospital mortality risk in patients with pulmonary embolism managed in intensive care unit, the psoas muscle area value has a merit to be used among the routine diagnostic procedures after further studies conducted with different severity of pulmonary embolism. Copyright © 2020 Ibrahim Akkoc et al.Objective Myofibroblast transformation has been shown to be associated with the reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (Nox4). Inhibition of transient receptor potential channel canonical type 3 (TRPC3) attenuates mitochondrial calcium handling and ROS production in the vasculature of hypertensive rats. However, it remains elusive whether TRPC3 regulates mitochondrial calcium and ROS production and participates in myofibroblast transdifferentiation during wound healing. Methods and Results In this study, we demonstrated that activation of TRPC3 by transforming growth factor β (TGFβ (TGFαSMA). click here Inhibition of TRPC3 with its specific inhibitor, Pyr3, significantly decreased TGFβ (TGFαSMA). Inhibition of TRPC3 with its specific inhibitor, Pyr3, significantly decreased TGFβ (TGFβ (TGFTrpc3-/- mice exhibited significantly attenuated myofibroblast transdifferentiation, as demonstrated by decreased αSMA). Inhibition of TRPC3 with its specific inhibitor, Pyr3, significantly decreased TGFβ (TGFβ (TGFTrpc3-/- mice exhibited significantly attenuated myofibroblast transdifferentiation, as demonstrated by decreased Trpc3+/+ mice. In addition, Trpc3-/- mice exhibited significantly attenuated myofibroblast transdifferentiation, as demonstrated by decreased. Conclusions Our data indicate that TGFβ1-mediated activation of TRPC3 enhances mitochondrial calcium and ROS production, which promotes myofibroblast transdifferentiation and HTS formation. Inhibition of the TRPC3-mediated Nox4/pSmad2/3 pathway may be a useful strategy to limit HTS formation after injury.β (TGF. Copyright © 2020 Weijie Xia et al.Objectives Aqueous extracts of Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina leaves were investigated for their hepatoprotective potential in diabetic rats. Materials and methods One hundred twenty male albino rats were randomly assigned to eight equal groups (n = 15). The first group (control) comprised normal healthy rats, while the second to fifth groups were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) [60 mg/kg body weight (BW)] for induction of diabetes. Group 2 was kept as positive diabetic control, while groups 3-5 were orally treated with aqueous extracts of R. mucronata (400 mg/kg BW), A. marina (400 mg/kg BW) and with a combination of ½ a dose of the two plants, respectively, for six weeks. Groups 6-8 were non-diabetic rats that orally received aqueous extracts of R. mucronata (400 mg/kg BW), A. marina (400 mg/kg BW), and a combination of ½ a dose of the two plants, respectively, for 6 weeks. link2 Results STZ-induced diabetic rats showed a significant reduction in serum glucose and liver enzymes, increased serum insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment of β-cells (HOMA-β), and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the liver revealed improved pathologic criteria in the plant extract treated diabetic rats compared with the remarkable changes which had been seen in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Conclusion This study suggests that the aqueous extract of R. mucronata or its combination with A. marina showed potent hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effects for liver dysfunction, as well as histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in the liver of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Copyright © Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research.Objective Sheep farming is an important source of livelihood in the southern Khyber Pakhtun Khwa province of Pakistan where they are reared under extensive system (ES). This system has limitations of improper feeding, rearing, and management which negatively affect their productivity. The present study compares different rearing systems and their stresses on fertility, behavior, and growth rate potential of two sheep breeds of Pakistan. Materials and Methods Eighty ewes were selected; forty each from Damani and Balkhi breeds reared in semi-intensive system (SIS) and ES at Paharpur district, Dera Ismail Khan. Blood samples were collected in triplicate on days 0, 14, and 28 of May, and the molecular and behavioral stress, growth, and fertility rates were recorded. Results The highest growth and fertility rate were observed in both the breeds in SIS than in ES (p less then 0.01). The values of stress indicators (cortisol, heat shock protein (HSP-70)) and behavioral stress parameters were found lower in Damani breed as compared to Balkhi breed in both rearing systems (p less then 0.01). All the molecular stress and behavioral stress parameters were negatively associated with metabolic hormones (T3 and T4) (p less then 0.01). A positive correlation was observed among all the molecular stress and behavioral stress parameters (p less then 0.01). Similarly, T3 and T4 were positively interlinked to one another (p less then 0.01). Conclusion It was concluded that both Damani and Balkhi sheep showed lower stress levels and better fertility and growth parameter in SIS than ES system of rearing. Local Damani breed exhibited well tolerant ability and genetic adaptation to the local environment as compared to Balkhi breed. Copyright © Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research.Objectives The study was designed for isolation and identification of the bacteria present in unhatched leftover eggs of duck in selected mini-hatcheries of Kishoreganj, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods A total of 54 unhatched discarded eggs were collected as samples from different mini-hatcheries of Tarail and Itna Upazilas of Kishoreganj and aseptically carried to the laboratory in the icebox. Surface washings (n = 54) and inner contents (n = 54) were collected and enriched in Luria-Bertani broth followed by the isolation of pure colonies of different bacteria onto eosin methylene blue agar, mannitol salt agar, Salmonella-Shigella agar, and blood agar plates. Identification of the bacterial isolates was done by cultural properties, staining, and biochemical tests followed by molecular detection by Polymerase chain reaction. Results Of 108 samples, 62 were found positive for Salmonella spp. (76%), 59 for E. coli (54%), 52 for Staphylococcus spp. (48%), and 5 for Clostridium spp. (9%). From the egg surface samples, Staphylococcus spp. were recovered in the highest (67%) followed by Salmonella spp. (59%), E. coli (56%), and Clostridium spp. (9%). From the inner contents of eggs, Salmonella spp. were recovered in the highest (56%), followed by E. coli (53%) and Staphylococcus spp. (30%). Conclusion The isolated bacteria might be associated with the decreased hatchability and embryo mortality in the mini-hatcheries of duck. Copyright © Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research.Objective This study was carried out to determine the frequency and prevalence of clinical conditions and their treatment, especially antibiotics in dogs and cats. Materials and Methods A period of 12-month retrospective study was conducted at the Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh from July 2018 to June 2019. A total of 849 cases, including 488(57.5%) and 361 (42.5%) dogs and cats respectively, were in account to espy the clinical conditions. Season, age, sex, and breed were the parameters to analyze the prevalence of those clinical conditions. Results From the study, it was found that the endoparasitic infestation was highly frequent in both dog and cat (55% in dogs and 59% in cats). The endoparasitic infestation was highly prevalent in cats (91.53%) significantly (p = 0.003), which were ≤1 year of age. On the other hand, the ectoparasitic infestation was found prevalent significantly (p = 0.06) in the winter than any season and dewormed dogs (p = 0.03). Prevalence of canine parvovirus infection in dogs and wound in cats were substantially higher (p less then 0.001 and p=0.05 respectively) in the winter whereas the prevalence of myiasis in dogs was prominent in the rainy season significantly (p = 0.01). link3 The mostly used antibiotic was ceftriaxone (9.5% in dogs and 4% in cats). Conclusion Different endoparasitic, ectoparasitic, and infectious diseases found prone to infect pet animals, mainly dogs, and cats. By maintaining proper anthelmintics and vaccine shots may act as a prevention procedure to those infections. Copyright © Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research.Objective This work was conducted to examine the association between body weight (BW) and biometric traits viz. head width (HW), head length (HL), ear length (EL), body length (BL), rump height (RH), withers height (WH), sternum height (SH), rump width (RW), and heart girth (HG) and to determine the direct and indirect effects of biometric traits on BW. Materials and Methods Sixty female and twenty male Nguni cattle between the ages of one to four years were used. Pearson correlation and path analysis were used for data analysis. Results Correlation results recognized that BW had a positive highly significant correlation with RW (r = 0.70**), RH (r = 0.90**), HG (r = 0.90**), SH (r = 0.90**), and WH (r = 0.93**) in male, whereas SH (r = 0.34**), WH (r = 0.55**), RH (r = 0.70**), and HG (r = 0.76**) had a positive highly significant correlation with BW of female Nguni cattle. Path analysis showed that RW (13.35) had the highest direct effect, whereas SH had an indirect effect on BW of male Nguni cattle. In female Nguni cattle, RH (4.