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Moreover, the adopted catalyst can be prepared with very low cost from phosphorus tailings. Considering the obvious superiorities, the alcoholysis approach in this work could be a promising strategy for green production of diosgenin as well as a possible utilization pathway of phosphorus tailings.Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pose an occupational exposure risk due to their commonplace usage across industrial and vocational sectors. With millions of workers annually exposed, monitoring personal VOC exposures becomes an important task. As such, there is a need to improve current monitoring techniques by increasing sensitivity and reducing analysis costs. Recently, our lab developed a novel, preanalytical technique known as photothermal desorption (PTD). PTD uses pulses of high-energy, visible light to thermally desorb analytes from carbonaceous sorbents, with single-walled carbon nanotube buckypapers (BPs) having the best overall performance. To apply this new technology most effectively for chemical analysis, a better understanding of the theoretical framework of the thermal phenomena behind PTD must be gained. The objectives of the present work were 3-fold measure the thermal response of BPs during irradiation with light; determine the best method for conducting such measurements; and determine thsent work modeled BP thermal conductivity using a steady-state comparative technique and found the material's conductivity to be 10.6 ± 0.6 W/m2. The present work's findings will help pave the way for future developments of the PTD method by allowing calculation of the energy density necessary to attain a desired sorbent temperature and providing a means for comparing BP fabrication techniques and evaluating BP suitability for PTD before conducting PTD trials with analytes of interest. Sorbents with greater thermal conductivity are expected to desorb more evenly and withstand higher energy density exposures.The synthesis of two new coordination compounds was carried out by applying 4-(3-carboxyphenyl)picolinic acid (H2cppa) as building units under the hydrothermal reaction conditions, whose chemical formulae are [Cu(Hcppa)2(H2O)2]·2H2O (1) and [Cu(μ3-cppa)(H2O)2] (2). The analysis of structures suggested that 1 featured a discrete molecular structure, which was extended into the three-dimensional supramolecular network with the topology of pcu topology, whereas complex 2 showed a two-dimensional layered network with the fes topology. The magnetic performances of the two synthesized compounds reveal antiferromagnetic coupling between consecutive metal ions. Their application values on ischemic myocardial damage were assessed, and the detailed mechanism of the synthetic complexes was also investigated. The Elabscience Annexin V detection kit was used in this research to determine the percentage of apoptotic cardiomyocytes after different complex treatments. In addition, the relative expression of PI3K/Akt in the myocardium after the application of the compound was determined using the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay.Lanthanum-based materials have attained increasing attention because of their high adsorption property of phosphate ions and their environmental harmlessness. HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitor However, challenges still remain to improve the phosphate adsorption capacity and find suitable materials for the lanthanum attachment substrate. Nickel foam with characteristics such as excellent uniformity, large specific surface area, high porosity, and low conductivity is considered to be the alternative for the preparation of lanthanum-based adsorption materials. An efficient adsorbent foamed nickel-based La (OH)3 nanowire was first prepared with a facile one-step electrodeposition method. The batch static adsorption tests of simulative wastewater (e.g., coexisting ions and solution pH values) were employed to investigate the phosphate adsorption kinetics and solution matrix effects of the materials. The results indicate that the composite exhibits fast adsorption kinetics within 30 min and high selectivity to phosphate under interference from competing ions. The pH value of wastewater has great influence on the absorption of phosphate, and optimal adsorption capacity can be achieved over a pH 4-6 range. Various findings revealed that the adsorption behavior of lanthanum hydroxide/foamed nickel [La(OH)3/Ni] followed inner-sphere adsorption through the ligand-exchange mechanism. The prepared material is expected to be an enormous potential candidate for the removal of low-concentration phosphorus from effluents.Organosolv fractionation is a promising approach for the separation of lignocellulosic components in integrated biorefineries where each component can be fully valorized into valuable platform chemicals and biofuels. link2 In this study, microwave-accelerated organosolv fractionation was developed for the modification of lignocellulosic fractionation of rice husk. The fractionation condition was optimized for 1 h with the microwave irradiation at 300 W using a ternary solvent mixture composed of 24%32%44% water/ethanol/methyl isobutyl ketone. The effects of mineral acids (HCl, H3PO4, and H2SO4) and heterogeneous acid promoters (HCl, H3PO4, and H2SO4 impregnated over activated carbon) on the efficiency and selectivity of product yields (i.e., glucan, hemicellulose-derived products, and lignin) were also investigated. It was found that the use of H3PO4-activated carbon as the promoter showed superior performance on the fractionation of rice husk components, resulting in 88.8% recovery of cellulose, with 63.8% purity in the solid phase, whereas the recovery of hemicellulose (66.4%) with the lowest formation of furan and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and lignin (81.0%) without sugar cross-contamination was obtained in the aqueous ethanol phase and organic phase, respectively. In addition, the morphology structure of fractionated rice husk presented 2.6-fold higher surface area (5.4 m2/g) of cellulose-enriched fraction in comparison with the native rice husk (2.1 m2/g), indicating the improvement of enzyme accessibility. Besides, the chemical changes of isolated lignin were also investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. This work gives pieces of information into the efficiencies of the microwave strategy as a climate neighborly elective fractionation method for this serious starting material in the biotreatment facility business.Six Mo/TiO2 samples (with 0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 wt % Mo nominal contents) were obtained by reverse micelle sol-gel synthesis, followed by calcination at 500 °C. link3 The samples were characterized by means of powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), quantitative phase analysis as obtained by Rietveld refinement, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, N2 adsorption/desorption at -196 °C, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance (DR) UV-vis spectroscopy. As a whole, the adopted characterization techniques showed the inclusion of a sizeable Mo amount, without the segregation of any MoO x phase. Specifically, PXRD showed the occurrence of anatase and brookite with all the studied samples; notwithstanding the mild calcination temperature, the formation of rutile occurred at Mo wt % ≥2.5 likely due to the presence of brookite favoring, in turn, anatase to rutile transition. DR UV-vis and XP spectroscopies allowed determining the samples' band gap energy (Eg) and valence band energy, respectively, from which the conduction band energy was calculated; and the observed Eg value increase at 10 wt % Mo was ascribed to the Moss-Burstein effect.Molecular oxygen and hydrogen can be obtained from the water-splitting process through the electrolysis technique. However, harnessing energy is very challenging in this way due to the involvement of the 4e- reaction pathway, which is associated with a substantial amount of reaction barrier. After the report of the first N-doped graphene acting as an oxygen reduction reaction catalyst, the scientific community set out on exploring more reliable doping materials, better material engineering techniques, and developing computational models to explain the interfacial reactions. In this study, we modeled the graphene surface with four different nonmetal doping atoms N, B, P, and S individually by replacing a carbon atom from one of the graphitic positions. We report the mechanism of the complete catalytic cycle for each of the doped surfaces by the doping atom. The energy barriers for individual steps were explored using the biased first-principles molecular dynamics simulations to overcome the high reaction barrier. We explain the active sites and provide a comparison between the activation energy obtained by the application of two computational methods. Observing the rate-determining step, that is, oxo-oxo bond formation, S-doped graphene is the most effective. In contrast, N-doped graphene seems to be the least useful for oxygen evolution catalysis compared to the undoped graphene surface. B-doped graphene and P-doped graphene have an equivalent impact on the catalytic cycle.Active gels present unique potential for the decontamination of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) as they strongly adhere to surfaces, thus allowing prolonged decontamination time. Herein, we present a decontamination hydrogel based on polyvinyl alcohol/borax, which contains sodium perborate (NaBO3), as an in situ source of the active ingredient hydrogen peroxide. Developed as a binary formulation, this gel instantly forms and effectively sticks when sprayed on various matrices, including porous and vertically positioned matrices. The gel efficiently detoxified the CWAs sarin (GB), O-ethyl S-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothioate (VX), and sulfur mustard (HD) in test tubes (2 μL CWA/0.5 mL gel) to provide nontoxic products with reaction half-lives of 99%) and to prevent GB evaporation, as proven by laboratory wind tunnel experiments. The universal decontamination abilities of this mild hydrogel, as well as its facile application and removal processes suggest that it holds high potential for future development as a new CWA decontamination tool.Dihydromyricetin (DMY), an important flavanone found in Ampelopsis grossedentata, plays a protective role in liver injury. Our previous research found that DMY protected L02 cells against hepatotoxicity caused by emodin. In this study, serum, urine, and liver samples from rats were systematically used for biochemical analysis, pathological observation, and nontargeted metabolomics to evaluate the toxicity of emodin and DMY intervention. After oral administration of DMY, DMY may alleviate liver injury by improving liver metabolism. Approximately, 8 of 15 metabolites in rat urine and serum were significantly regulated by DMY. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that glutathione metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism were the most affected pathways, and 18 proteins were predicted to be potential targets of DMY during the alleviation of liver injury induced by emodin. This research is of great significance in confirming the liver-protective effect of DMY, especially during acute liver injury caused by traditional Chinese medicine.