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This study aimed to explore whether age moderates the associations between TSH receptor antibodies (TRAbs) with thyroid hormones and remission in patients with Graves' disease (GD) who undergo radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment.

A single-centre retrospective study.

A total of 435 eligible consecutive patients diagnosed with GD and treated with RAI therapy were included.

TRAbs and thyroid hormones prior to RAI were recorded. Pearson's correlation, t tests and analysis of covariance were conducted to identify the associations between TRAbs, thyroid hormones and remission. Moderation analyses were conducted to test age as a moderator.

Overall, 75.4% of the patients achieved remission with a single dose of iodine-131. TRAb levels before RAI were positively correlated with the circulating thyroid hormones (ps<0.001). Age moderated the association between TRAbs and free T3 (FT3) (P=.01), but did not moderate the association between TRAbs and free T4 (FT4) (P=.07). TRAb levels before RAI only significantly predicted remission status in young patients (P=.03), but not in middle-aged (P=.36) or older patients (P=.74), after adjusting for covariates. When age was included as a continuous variable, moderation analyses revealed that the association between TRAbs and remission status was stronger in younger patients (P=.03).

The majority of Graves' disease patients experienced a long-term remission following a single dose of iodine-131. Associations between TRAbs, FT3 and remission are moderated by age. TRAb level prior to RAI is a significant remission in younger patients, but not in middle-aged or older patients.

The majority of Graves' disease patients experienced a long-term remission following a single dose of iodine-131. Associations between TRAbs, FT3 and remission are moderated by age. TRAb level prior to RAI is a significant remission in younger patients, but not in middle-aged or older patients.The environmental complexity in which living organisms found themselves throughout evolution, most likely resulted in various encounters that would continuously challenge the organisms' ability to survive. Coping with this stress can prove energetically demanding and might require the proper coupling between mechanisms aimed at sensing external stimuli and cellular strategies geared at producing energy. In this issue of BioEssays, Lovejoy and Hogg hypothesize that preservation of this bifaceted coupling can be detected by the maintenance and evolution of stress response mechanisms at the genomic, molecular and cellular levels. Through ancestry-tracking, they identify a group of related G protein-coupled receptor systems with intersecting stress-modulating properties which might represent an essential part of a complex organism's coping mechanisms to stress, an attribute that they suspect may be affected in individuals suffering from mood disorders such as depression.

The COVID-19 outbreak and the subsequent declaration of pandemic was an unprecedented event, which created different complex situations for treatment of cancer patients. A critical assessment of the response to this calamity and its impact on healthcare workers (HCWs) and patient care in a dedicated cancer hospital is analyzed.

Indrayani Cancer Hospital, Alandi, Pune, India.

Due to the pandemic, standard operating protocols were decided on for each department. Analysis of the impact on healthcare was done by comparing the number of patients taking treatment in the lockdown period in India with the previous year's data in the same corresponding period in all three departments. The impact of COVID infection on the HCW and its repercussions were analyzed.

There was a marked decrease in the total number of patients during the lockdown period. The most affected department was surgical oncology. None of our patients contracted COVID-19, but one HCW was found to be positive.

Strict adherence to protocols along with the support of the government authorities can prevent the spread of this virus thus providing optimal patient outcomes. The treatment of patients with cancer should not be delayed, even in times of a pandemic.

Strict adherence to protocols along with the support of the government authorities can prevent the spread of this virus thus providing optimal patient outcomes. The treatment of patients with cancer should not be delayed, even in times of a pandemic.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), a chronic progressive liver disease, is highly correlated with pathoglycemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress. The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) agonists have been reported to improve liver steatosis and fibrosis, and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) plays a synergistic role with FFA1 in energy metabolism and fibrosis. HWL-088, a PPARδ/FFA1 dual agonist, exerts better glucose-lowering effects than the representative FFA1 agonist TAK-875. However, the ability of HWL-088 to protect NAFLD was unknown. Cyclosporine This study aimed to discover a new strategy for the treatment of NAFLD.

The methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCD)-induced Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model was constructed to evaluate the effects of HWL-088.

Administration of HWL-088 exerted multiple benefits on glucose control, lipid metabolism and fatty liver. Further mechanism research indicated that HWL-088 promotes lipid metabolism by decreasing lipogenesis and increasing lipolysis. Moreover, HWL-088 attenuates NASH by regulating the expression levels of genes related to inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress.

These positive results indicated that PPARδ/FFA1 dual agonist HWL-088 might be a potential candidate to improve multiple pathogenesis of NASH.

These positive results indicated that PPARδ/FFA1 dual agonist HWL-088 might be a potential candidate to improve multiple pathogenesis of NASH.Smoking increases the risk of cancer and other diseases, causing an estimated 7 million deaths per year. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) reduces craving for smoking, therefore, increasing an individual's probability to remain abstinent. In this work, we for the first time quantitatively described the relationship between craving and smoking abstinence, using retrospectively collected data from 19 studies, including 3 NRT formulations (inhaler, mouth spray, and patch) and a combination of inhaler and patch. Smokers motivated to quit were included in the NRT or placebo arms. Integrated craving (i.e., craving over a period of time) was assessed with 4-category, 5-category, or 100-mm visual analogue scale. The bounded integer model was used to assess latent craving from all scales. A time-to-event model linked predicted integrated craving to the hazard of smoking relapse. Available data included 9,323 adult subjects, observed for 3 weeks up to 2 years. At the study end, 9% (11% for NRT and 5% for placebo), on average, remained abstinent according to the protocol definition. A Gompertz-Makeham hazard best described the data, with a hazard of smoking relapse decreasing over time. Latent integrated craving was positively related to the hazard of smoking relapse, through a sigmoidal maximum effect function. For the same craving, being on NRT was found to reduce the hazard of relapse by an additional 30% compared with placebo. This work confirmed that low craving is associated with a high probability of remaining smoking abstinent and that NRT, in addition to reducing craving, increases the probability of remaining smoking abstinent.Further research is needed on strategies to improve employment outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We replicated and extended prior research by examining the acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of discrete-trial training (DTT) performance of adults with ASD who were interested in careers as behavior technicians. Three participants received training on how to implement DTT with children and we assessed the maintenance and generalization of DTT performance in the absence of feedback. Results indicated that procedural integrity generalized across children and targets and maintained for 6 to 17 session days without feedback. Results have implications for the successful employment of individuals with ASD as behavior technicians and for future research on strategies to enhance their performance on the job.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) comprise less than 1% of all sarcomas. The rarity of this disease has resulted in a paucity of information about disease process and management. link2 This study sought to evaluate the incidence, treatment patterns, and outcomes among patients with PNET.

The National Cancer Database was queried for diagnoses of PNET between 2004 and 2014. Patients were dichotomized based on tumor type (central [cPNET] vs peripheral [pPNET]). Demographic, tumor, treatment, and outcome variables were analyzed for the entire patient cohort and by type of PNET.

White (86.4%) males (56.6%) represented the majority of patients. The incidence of PNET remained stable over the study period (r

 = 0.0821). A total of 70.7% underwent surgical resection of the primary site, 50.3% received radiation, and 74.7% received systemic chemotherapy. Compared to those with pPNET, patients with cPNET more often received radiation treatment (P < .001), primary tumor resection (P < .001), and experienced increased 90-day mortality (P < .014).

cPNET and pPNET are rare and aggressive malignancies that tend to arise in White males. Multimodal treatment including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation is conventional. Patients with cPNET more often receive radiation and primary tumor resection with increased 90-day mortality.

cPNET and pPNET are rare and aggressive malignancies that tend to arise in White males. Multimodal treatment including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation is conventional. link3 Patients with cPNET more often receive radiation and primary tumor resection with increased 90-day mortality.

This study examined whether cigarette smoking mediated the association of racial discrimination with depressive symptoms among pregnant Black women.

Cross-sectional.

Two hundred Black women at 8-29weeks gestation.

Women completed questionnaires including the Experiences of Discrimination and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scales, as well as questions about sociodemographic characteristics and cigarette smoking.

The mean age of the sample was 26.9±5.7years and the mean gestational age at data collection was 15.6±5.7weeks. Approximately 17% of women reported prenatal cigarette smoking; 27% had prenatal CES-D scores ≥23, which have been correlated with depression diagnoses; and 59% reported ever (lifetime) experiencing discrimination in at least one situation (e.g., at work). Path analysis results indicated that the standardized indirect effect of experiences of racial discrimination on CES-D scores through prenatal smoking was statistically significant (standardized indirect effect=0.03; 95% CI 0.001, 0.094; p=.042).

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy partially mediated the association between lifetime experiences of racial discrimination and prenatal depressive symptoms among pregnant Black women. Smoking cessation programs should focus on identifying and treating depressive symptoms among pregnant Black women.

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy partially mediated the association between lifetime experiences of racial discrimination and prenatal depressive symptoms among pregnant Black women. Smoking cessation programs should focus on identifying and treating depressive symptoms among pregnant Black women.