Welshsims3250

EIC and HIRI were markedly reduced in individuals with NAFLD and declined across group-specific HFF% tertiles in all ethnic groups. Consistently, the HFF% correlated with EIC and HIRI, irrespective of the ethnic background, after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, adiposity, waist-hip ratio, pubertal status, and plasma glucose levels. An increased HFF% at follow-up was associated with decreased EIC and increased HIRI across all groups. CONCLUSIONS Intrahepatic lipid accumulation is associated with reduced insulin clearance and hepatic insulin sensitivity in obese youths, irrespective of their ethnic background. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Lin28a and Lin28b, homologs of the Caenorhabditis elegans Lin28 gene, play important roles in cell pluripotency, reprogramming, and tumorigenicity. Recently, genome-wide association and transgenic studies showed that Lin28a and/or Lin28b gene were involved in the onset of mammalian puberty, the stage representing the attainment of reproduction capacity; however, the detailed mechanism of these genes in mammalian puberty remains largely unknown. The present paper reviews the research progress on the roles of Lin28a/b genes in the onset of mammalian puberty by analyzing the results coming from gene expression patterns, mutations, and transgenic studies, and put forward possible pathways for further studies on their roles in animal reproduction. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.In livestock production, antibiotics are used to promote animal growth, control infections and thereby increase profitability. This practice has led to the emergence of multiresistant bacteria such as Salmonella, of which some serovars are disseminated in the environment. The objective of this study is to evaluate microcin J25 as an inhibitor of Salmonella enterica serovars of various origins including human, livestock and food. Among the 116 isolates tested, 37 (31.8%) were found resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 28 were multiresistant with 19 expressing the penta-resistant phenotype ACSSuT. Microcin J25 inhibited all isolates, with minimal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.06 μg/ml (28.4 nM) to 400 μg/ml (189 μM). Interestingly, no cross-resistance was found between microcin J25 and antibiotics. find more Multiple sequence alignments of genes encoding for the different proteins involved in the recognition and transport of microcin J25 showed that only ferric-hydroxamate uptake is an essential determinant for susceptibility of S. enterica to microcin J25. Examination of Salmonella strains exposed to microcin J25 by transmission electronic microscopy showed for the first-time involvement of a pore formation mechanism. Microcin J25 was a strong inhibitor of several multiresistant isolates of Salmonella and may have a great potential as an alternative to antibiotics. © 2020 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.CLINICAL RELEVANCE Developing an accurate picture of the demographic profile and refractive status of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal individuals with pterygium will facilitate health planning and appropriate deployment of health-care resources in rural Australia. BACKGROUND To date, there is a paucity of reports in the literature regarding Aboriginal ocular health and refractive error. This study examines clinical data from a rural ophthalmology outreach clinic - a predominantly Aboriginal population. METHODS An assessment was undertaken of data of 293 patients noted to have pterygium present in at least one eye, from a sample of 2,072 individuals seen in rural northern Western Australia in 2017 by the Lions Outback Vision Visiting Optometry Service. RESULTS Pterygium was found in 14.1 per cent (n = 293) of patients using the Lions Outback Vision service. The mean age of those with pterygium (n = 293) was 57.1 ± 11.9 years (mean ± standard deviation); 188 were female (64.1 per cent); 260 identified as Aboriginal (88.7 per cent), 22 identified as non-Aboriginal (7.5 per cent) and 11 did not specify (3.8 per cent). There were more males than females with pterygium in the non-Aboriginal group (18.0 per cent versus 6.4 per cent); however, the reverse was true in the Aboriginal group (11.7 per cent versus 17.0 per cent). Analysis of the subjective refractive data in those with pterygium revealed an overall mean spherical equivalent value of +0.66 ± 1.28 DS. The median (interquartile range) best-corrected visual acuity was 0.0 (-0.1 to 0.0) logMAR (6/6 Snellen equivalent). CONCLUSIONS This paper increases our knowledge of ocular health in a remote Australian population, with an emphasis on the differences between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal individuals, males and females. © 2020 Optometry Australia.Microplastics (MPs) are widely distributed in freshwater and have the following characteristics small size, strong hydrophobicity, difficult degradation and easy adsorption of toxic substances. These characteristics pose a potential threat to the environment and human health. In this paper, three common MPs in freshwater were removed by conventional dissolved air flotation (DAF) and positive modification DAF (Posi-DAF). The results showed that the optimal removal efficiency of MPs by conventional DAF was 32 ~ 38% at 0.4 ~ 0.5 MPa. This indicated that the adhesion between microbubbles (MBs) and MPs was not ideal when the hydrophilic/hydrophobic interaction was the dominant mechanism. However, the removal efficiency of MPs was increased by 13.6 ~ 33.7% compared with that of conventional DAF after two surface modifiers were used on MBs. This result indicated that in addition to the hydrophilic/hydrophobic interaction, both charge attraction and sweeping had positive effects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Thiopurines in combination with glucocorticoids are used as first-line, second-line and maintenance therapies in autoimmune hepatitis and opportunities exist to improve and expand their use. AIMS To describe the metabolic pathways and key factors implicated in the efficacy and toxicity of the thiopurine drugs and to indicate the opportunities to improve outcomes by monitoring and manipulating metabolic pathways, individualising dosage and strengthening the response. METHODS English abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Full-length articles were selected for review, and secondary and tertiary bibliographies were developed. RESULTS Thiopurine methyltransferase activity and 6-tioguanine (6-thioguanine) nucleotide levels influence drug efficacy and safety, and they can be manipulated to improve treatment response and prevent myelosuppression. Methylated thiopurine metabolites are associated with hepatotoxicity, drug intolerance and nonresponse and their production can be reduced or bypassed.