Waltondam7330

The electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) interactions and hydrogen bonds is suggested as the major adsorption mechanism. And as for the adsorption of the various biowaste recycled synthetic, this study can be referred in discussion of performance analysis and optimal condition.India is highly vulnerable to air pollution in the recent decade, especially urban areas with rapidly growing urbanisation and industrialisation. Here, we present spatio-temporal variability of air pollutants at four distinct locations in Andhra Pradesh State of India. The mean concentrations of air pollutants were generally higher at Visakhapatnam site than Amaravati, Rajahmundry, and Tirumala sites. The mean concentration of particulate matter of diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was higher at Visakhapatnam site (48.5 ± 27.3 μg/m3) by a factor of about 1.6 as compared to Tirumala site (29.5 ± 17 μg/m3). On the contrary, the mean concentrations of oxides of nitrogen (NOx, 70.3 ± 28.1 μg/m3) and ammonia (NH3, 20.5 ± 9.2 μg/m3) were higher at Tirumala by a factor of about 1.4 and 1.9, respectively, as compared to Visakhapatnam (49 ± 5 μg/m3 and 10.7 ± 5 μg/m3). This was mainly attributed to higher vehicular emissions at Tirumala site. PM2.5, carbon monoxide (CO), NOx, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) showed distinct seasonal variation, with higher concentrations in winter followed by post-monsoon, pre-monsoon and monsoon. The Concentration Weighted Trajectory analysis of PM2.5 based on 5-days backward air mass trajectories showed that all sites experienced northeast air mass flow indicative of the outflow from Indo-Gangetic Plain, particularly in the post-monsoon and winter seasons. The Continuous Wavelet Transform analysis further showed that higher variations in PM2.5 concentrations occurring at a regular interval from a week to 16 days at both Tirumala and Visakhapatnam sites, while weekly periods are dominant over Amaravati and Rajahmundry sites with 95% significance during post-monsoon and winter seasons. Overall, our results underline heterogeneity in air pollution emission sources and influx of pollutants from distant sources, which would be useful when formulating the policies and mitigation procedures for this region.This study aims to investigate the adsorption behavior of cationic and anionic dyes of methylene blue (MB) and Congo red (CR) onto wet-torrefied Chlorella sp. microalgal biochar respectively, as an approach to generate a waste-derived and low-cost adsorbent. The wet-torrefied microalgal biochar possessed microporous properties with pore diameter less than 2 nm. The optimum adsorbent dosage of wet-torrefied microalgal biochar for MB and CR dyes removal were determined at 1 g/L and 2 g/L, respectively, with their natural pHs as the optimum adsorption pHs. The determined equilibrium contact times for MB and CR were 120 h and 4 h, respectively. Based on the equilibrium modeling, the results revealed that Langmuir isotherm showed the best model fit, based on the highest R2 coefficient, for both the adsorption processes of MB and CR using the wet-torrefied microalgal biochar, indicating that the monolayer adsorption was the dominant process. From the modeling, the maximum adsorption capacities for MB and CR were 113.00 mg/g and 164.35 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic modeling indicated the adsorption rate and mechanism of the dyes adsorption processes, which could be crucial for future modeling and application of wet-torrefied microalgal biochar. From the results, it suggests that the valorization of microalgae by utilizing wet-torrefied microalgal biochar as the effective adsorbent for the removal of toxic dyes with an approach of microalgal biorefinery and value-added application to the environment is feasible.We collected 170 samples of airborne fine particulate matter from five coal-producing cities and one oil-producing city in northern China during both heating and non-heating periods to quantify the concentrations of 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, estimate their bioaccessible fraction, and calculate the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of this fraction. The major sources of the particulate matter were analyzed using the chemical mass balance model. We found that the main emission sources were coal combustion during the heating period and open sources during the non-heating period. The ILCR was initially calculated as 2.65 × 10-9 for coal-producing cities and 4.60 × 10-9 for the oil-producing city during the heating period and 1.17 × 10-8 and 3.34 × 10-8, respectively, during the non-heating period. When only the bioaccessible fraction was used, the ILCR in coal-producing cities and the oil-producing city decreased by 87.2% and 82.1%, respectively, for the heating period and by 89.0% and 80.1%, respectively, for the non-heating period. The findings suggest that bioaccessibility should be considered when assessing the carcinogenic risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This study provides insights into the contribution of major emission sources to air pollution related to the long-term exploitation, transportation, and use of coal and oil.The sustainability performance of the desalination processes has received increasing attention in recent years. selleck chemicals llc In this study, the current progress and future perspective of a life cycle assessment (LCA) of desalination technology in 62 previous studies have been reviewed for the period 2004-2019. It was found that the number of LCA studies related to seawater reverse osmosis has gained popularity compared to other types of desalination technologies. The review emphasized the application of LCA to desalination by means of research objective, scope of study, life stages, and impact assessment. Although previous LCA studies were conducted to assess the environmental performance of the desalination technology, little attention was given to evaluating the impact of other sustainability aspects (i.e., economic and social). The latter part of this study discusses the challenges, feasibility, and recommendations for future LCA studies on desalination technology. The integration of the LCA approach with other approaches allows a comprehensive assessment of the sustainability performance of desalination technology.