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GSEA demonstrated that high risk score was intimately associated with immune response and immune regulation. In conclusion, the novel seven-gene signature could serve as a robust biomarker for prognosis and a potential indicator of immunotherapy response in melanoma.Ginseng has been used as reinforcing drugs or for traditional Chinese medicine in aging, inflammation, stress, diabetes mellitus, hepatic diseases and cancer. The aim of this current review is to provide an integrative overview of the uses, relative human diseases and related mechanisms of ginseng. Nowadays, numerous animal experiments and clinical studies conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of ginseng components. Inflammation is an immune response that protects human from pathogens, toxins and other dangers, which is initiated by recognizing pathogen- or danger- associated molecular patterns. Inflammasomes are cytosolic protein complexes which form in response to challenges, which also controls the activity of caspase-1, important for maturation and release of cytokines. Ice protease-activating factor, oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 1 and absent in melanoma 2 inflammasome recognize peculiar substances, while NLRP3 inflammasome responds towards structurally and chemically diverse triggers. The functional relationship between ginsenosides and inflammasome provides new insight into the understanding of molecular mechanisms of ginsenoside-mediated anti-inflammatory actions. It also has applications regarding the development of anti-inflammatory remedies by ginsenoside-mediated targeting inflammasomes, which could prevent and treat inflammatory diseases.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a debilitating lung disease. CD26/DPP4 plays promotive roles in pulmonary damage and fibrosis. This study aimed to explore the roles of vildagliptin in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and to address its ameliorative effect on the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis mice models were induced by intratracheal injection of bleomycin. DPP4 activity was evaluated, and the fibrosis was investigated by Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome staining and hydroxyproline assay. Expression of extracellular matrix proteins including α-SMA, collagen IV, collagen I, FN and TGF-β were analyzed by immunochemistry and western blot. Percentages of the numbers of monocytes, leukocytes, basophils and lymphocytes were classified, and inflammatory factors in plasma as well as lung tissues were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot. The influences of vildagliptin on TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation, differentiation and inflammatory factors in MRC-5 cells were detected.

Vildagliptin effectively attenuated inflammation and fibrosis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary tissue via inhibiting the activity of CD26/DPP4. extracellular matrix proteins were suppressed by vildagliptin. Thus, lung tissue fibrosis was efficiently alleviated by vildagliptin.

As an inhibitor of CD26/DPP4, Vildagliptin could be a promising therapeutic candidate for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

As an inhibitor of CD26/DPP4, Vildagliptin could be a promising therapeutic candidate for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Abdominal pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancies associated with a high mortality rate. Symptoms are not specific and usually resemble the other types of ectopic pregnancies. Medical management is used in cases where a potentially lethal hemorrhage can be anticipated. Nowadays, laparoscopic surgery has become the most common choice especially in cases diagnosed during the first trimester.

A 35-year-old woman consulted for a pelvic pain and menstruation delay. She had a stable hemodynamic status and hypogastric tenderness during deep abdominal palpation. selleck kinase inhibitor The βHCG rate was at 16041 IU/l. Pelvic ultrasonography revealed a gestational sac next to the right adnexa of 1.2 cm. Laparoscopic exploration was performed finding normal fallopian tubes and ovaries with a 2 cm mass on the vesical peritoneum. Resection of ectopic pregnancy was successfully performed and patient was discharged the next day with no postoperative complications.

To date, there is no therapeutic protocol that has been established and there are no predictive criteria of success concerning medical management for ectopic pregnancy. Surgery is the most common choice in the therapeutic management of ectopic abdominal pregnancy. Laparotomy was preferred to the laparoscopic surgery because of the high risk of perioperative hemorrhage which can be uncontrollable from the implantation site. Nowadays, laparoscopic surgery should be the first measure if the abdominal pregnancy is diagnosed at an early stage (< 12 weeks) or if the implantation site allows a non-hemorrhagic surgical excision.

Laparoscopic management of abdominal pregnancies is an encouraging choice to laparotomy.

Laparoscopic management of abdominal pregnancies is an encouraging choice to laparotomy.

Posterior shoulder dislocations comprise a small percentage of shoulder dislocations. Even more uncommon are posterior shoulder fracture-dislocations, which are commonly associated with trauma, seizures, and electrical shock.

We present the case of a 64-year-old right-hand dominant male who sustained bilateral shoulder posterior fracture-dislocations after a hypoglycemia-induced seizure. The patient was treated with bilateral reverse total shoulder arthroplasties in a single-stage. He recovered well and continues to have excellent function and range of motion at 4-year follow-up.

Treatment options for proximal humerus fracture-dislocations include open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), hemiarthroplasty, and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). The indications for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty continue to expand.

This is a rare case of bilateral posterior shoulder fracture-dislocations. In similar cases, simultaneous reverse total shoulder arthroplasties can be considered as a viable treatment option.

This is a rare case of bilateral posterior shoulder fracture-dislocations. In similar cases, simultaneous reverse total shoulder arthroplasties can be considered as a viable treatment option.