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These discoveries prove that SCANCell can uncover pathology- and drug stimulation- associated inter-cluster interactions, which potentially benefits understanding of pathogenesis and novel therapeutic strategies.

The main processing scripts of SCNACell are available at https//github.com/Lxc417/SCANCell. Other codes for the following data statistics are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Simultanagnosia is a rare neuropsychological symptom characterized by difficulty recognizing global structures while preserving perception of local detail. The condition is classified into ventral and dorsal types. Clinical presentation of ventral simultanagnosia includes a reduced ability to recognize multiple visual stimuli rapidly, that is, part-by-part recognition. Here, we report a case of ventral simultanagnosia with a unique presentation; when short-duration visual stimuli were presented, the patient could perform global recognition by improving his part-by-part approach. To investigate the relationship between local and global perception bias and the duration of the present stimulus, we conducted a visual perception test using hierarchically organized Navon figures.

The patient was a 62-year-old right-handed man who suffered from cerebral infarction in the right occipitotemporal lobe. He had no language dysfunction but exhibited left unilateral neglect, prosopagnosia, and ventral-type simultanagnosia. We conducted a visual perception test using the Navon figures and control figures as a visual stimulus. We randomly presented the figures for intervals of 0.2 or 20s and let the patient report all the letters (global and/or local element) that he recognized. Global elements of the Navon letter were recognized a rate of 0% and 78.3% at intervals of 20 and 0.2s, respectively, indicating that shorter presentation made the part-by-part approach less likely to manifest.

We assumed that the simultanagnosia in this case was caused by failure to maintain the initially perceived global information for a long period of time during visual presentation, due to right occipitotemporal damage.

We assumed that the simultanagnosia in this case was caused by failure to maintain the initially perceived global information for a long period of time during visual presentation, due to right occipitotemporal damage.

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, lupus) typically adopt composite responder definitions as primary efficacy endpoints, however outcomes within individual organ domains are also important to understand. The aim of this scoping review was to evaluate how organ-specific disease activity and therapeutic responses have been measured and reported in lupus RCTs.

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane registry and clinicaltrials.gov. Eligible studies were RCTs investigating efficacy of an immune-directed drug therapy in active SLE, published January 2000-March 2021, excluding studies limited to lupus nephritis. Data were extracted independently in duplicate into a template and summarised descriptively.

Thirty-four RCTs were included, of which 32 (94%) reported activity and/or responses in at least one organ domain. Study populations had a high, although variable, frequency of baseline musculoskeletal and mucocutaneous activity and low but also variable representation of onconsistent. Research into the development of new outcome measures for key organ domains, and validation and comparison of response definitions using existing instruments, is needed.

This study evaluated the minimal clinically important short-term improvement in the MM-SES-CD, a novel modified scoring system of the SES-CD, that reliably predicted one-year ER.

This post-hoc analysis of two CD clinical trial programs pooled data of 198 participants with baseline ulcers and SES-CD ≥3 who had baseline, post-induction (8-12 weeks), and one-year endoscopic assessments. Different cutoff values for endoscopic response were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, positive likelihood ratios (PLR), and negative likelihood ratios (NLR). ER (SES-CD <3) was the binary classifier in all cases. A distribution of cut-offs minimizing NLR and maximizing PLR was created with 10,000 bootstrapped resamples. An optimal cut-point for low and high probability of one-year ER was determined based on the maximum Youden Index.

MM-SES-CD ≥40% reduction from baseline was selected as the cut-off maximizing PLR and minimizing NLR. Among 7.6% (15/198) participants achieving this cut-off post-induction, one-year ER was 46.7%. One-year ER was 16.9% among those not achieving this cut-off. This threshold predicted one-year ER with 95.0% (95% CI 90.4%-97.8%) specificity and a PLR of 3.7 (95% CI 1.4-9.5), which was higher than traditional endoscopic response criteria of SES-CD ≥50% reduction (specificity 62.5%, 95% CI 54.5%-70.0%; PLR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4-2.5). Lower thresholds of MM-SES-CD reduction also were highly specific for one-year ER (e.g. MM-SES-CD ≥20% reduction was achieved in 19.7% of patients with 83.1% specificity).

In CD patients, post-induction endoscopic response defined by MM-SES-CD ≥40% reduction from baseline identified patients most likely to achieve one-year ER.

In CD patients, post-induction endoscopic response defined by MM-SES-CD ≥40% reduction from baseline identified patients most likely to achieve one-year ER.Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and macular dystrophy (MD) are characterized by gradual photoreceptor death in the retina and are often associated with genetic mutations including those in the Prominin-1 (Prom1) gene. Prom1-knockout (KO) mice recapitulate key features of these diseases including light-dependent retinal degeneration and constriction of retinal blood vessels. The mechanisms underlying such degeneration have remained unclear, however. We here analysed early events associated with retinal degeneration in Prom1-KO mice. We found that photoreceptor cell death and glial cell activation occur between 2 and 3 weeks after birth. Whereas gene expression was not affected at 2 weeks, the expression of several genes was altered at 3 weeks in the Prom1-KO retina, with the expression of that for Endothelin-2 (Edn2) being markedly up-regulated. Expression of Edn2 was also induced by light stimulation in Prom1-KO mice reared in the dark. Verteporfin chemical structure Treatment with endothelin receptor antagonists attenuated photoreceptor cell death, gliosis, and retinal vessel stenosis in Prom1-KO mice. Our findings thus reveal early manifestations of retinal degeneration in a model of RP/MD and suggest potential therapeutic agents for these diseases.

Medical image fusion has developed into an important technology, which can effectively merge the significant information of multiple source images into one image. Fused images with abundant and complementary information are desirable, which contributes to clinical diagnosis and surgical planning.

In this paper, the concept of the skewness of pixel intensity (SPI) and a novel adaptive co-occurrence filter (ACOF) based image decomposition optimization model are proposed to improve the quality of fused images. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms 22 state-of-the-art medical image fusion methods in terms of five objective indices and subjective evaluation, and it has higher computational efficiency.

First, the concept of SPI is applied to the co-occurrence filter to design ACOF. The initial base layers of source images are obtained using ACOF, which relies on the contents of images rather than fixed scale. Then, the widely used iterative filter framework is replaced with an optimization model to ensure that the base layer and detail layer are sufficiently separated and the image decomposition has higher computational efficiency. The optimization function is constructed based on the characteristics of the ideal base layer. Finally, the fused images are generated by designed fusion rules and linear addition. The code and data can be downloaded at https//github.com/zhunui/acof.

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) has long been an attractive research topic in system biology. Computational prediction of gene regulatory interactions has remained a challenging problem due to the complexity of gene expression and scarce information resources. The high-throughput spatial gene expression data, like in situ hybridization images that exhibit temporal and spatial expression patterns, has provided abundant and reliable information for the inference of GRNs. However, computational tools for analyzing the spatial gene expression data are highly underdeveloped.

In this study, we develop a new method for identifying gene regulatory interactions from gene expression images, called ConGRI. The method is featured by a contrastive learning scheme and deep Siamese CNN architecture, which automatically learns high-level feature embeddings for the expression images and then feeds the embeddings to an artificial neural network to determine whether or not the interaction exists. We apply the method to a Drosophila embryogenesis dataset and identify GRNs of eye development and mesoderm development. Experimental results show that ConGRI outperforms previous traditional and deep learning methods by a large margin, which achieves accuracies of 76.7% and 68.7% for the GRNs of early eye development and mesoderm development, respectively. It also reveals some master regulators for Drosophila eye development.

https//github.com/lugimzheng/ConGRI.

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.Disability in leprosy is a direct consequence of damage to the peripheral nervous system which is usually worse in patients with no skin manifestations, an underdiagnosed subtype of leprosy known as primary neural leprosy. We evaluated clinical, neurophysiological and laboratory findings of 164 patients with definite and probable primary neural leprosy diagnoses. To better understand the disease progression and to improve primary neural leprosy clinical recognition we compared the characteristics of patients with short (≤ 12 months) and long (> 12 months) disease duration. Positive and negative symptoms mediated by small-fibre were frequent at presentation (∼95%), and symptoms tend to manifest first in the upper limbs (∼68%). There is a consistent phenotypic variability between the aforementioned groups. Deep sensory modalities were spared in patients evaluated within the first 12 months of the disease, and were only affected in patients with longer disease duration (∼12%). Deep tendon reflexes abnormalities were most frequent in patients with longer disease duration (p  less then  0,001), as well as motor deficits (p = 0,002). Damage to large fibres (sensory and motor) is a latter event in primary neural leprosy. Grade-2 disability and nerve thickening was also more frequent in cases with long disease duration (p  less then  0,001). Primary neural leprosy progress over time and there is a marked difference in clinical phenotype between patients with short and long disease duration. Patients assessed within the first 12 months of symptom onset had a non-length-dependent predominant small-fibre sensory neuropathy, whilst patients with chronic disease presented an asymmetrical all diameter sensory-motor neuropathy and patchily decreased/absent deep tendon reflexes.