Toppchung6001

Multiplex immunofluorescence shows that melanocytes may also weakly express PSMA. Conclusion Performance of PSMA immunohistochemistry in melanoma metastases rivals that reported in prostate cancer studies. This study indicates that PSMA shows promise for use as a novel biomarker in melanoma and justifies further research in the clinical setting with potential as a PET/CT radiotracer and intraoperative fluorescence marker for melanoma. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The present study is to isolate and characterize betulinic acid and ricinine from T. conophorum seeds. Phytochemical investigation on hexane fraction of T. conophorum seeds led to the isolation of two compounds, Betulinic acid (1), and Ricinine (2). Betulinic acid and ricinine were screened against HepG2 cells and tested in vivo in CCl4 -induced experimental rats model. Results from this study showed that the compounds had hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities. It was observed that betulinic acid inhibited HepG2 cell with percentage inhibition of 54% compared with standard doxorubicin (64%), while ricinine was inactive against HepG2 cell lines. Furthermore, molecular docking was carried out on betulinic acids and ricinine, with binding energies of -11.2 kcal/mol and -5.4 kcal/mol, respectively, indicating strong binding sites and interactions with Hepatitis B Virus DNA polymerase. Therefore, findings from this study suggest that betulinic acid possess cytotoxic and hepatoprotective properties, while ricinine exhibited hepatoprotection in CCl4 -induced liver damage. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Medicinal plants contain unrestricted ability to make compounds that intrigue researchers in the quest for novel phyto-therapeutic drugs. The continuous exploration of new compounds in the medicinal plant is an auspicious strategy for the prevention of diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the cytotoxic and hepatoprotective compounds (betulinic acid and ricinine) isolated from T. conophorum seeds.An improved understanding of how to manipulate the accumulation and enrichment of mineral elements in aboveground plant tissues holds promise for future resource efficient and sustainable crop production. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the influence of Fe regimes on mineral element concentrations and contents in the maize shoot as well as their correlations, (ii) examine the predictive ability of physiological and morphological traits of individual genotypes of the IBM population from the concentration of mineral elements, and (iii) identify genetic factors influencing the mineral element composition within and across Fe regimes. We evaluated the concentration and content of 12 mineral elements in shoots of the IBM population grown in sufficient and deficient Fe regimes and found for almost all mineral elements a significant (α= 0.05) genotypic variance. Across all mineral elements, the variance of genotype*Fe regime interactions was on average even more pronounced. High prediction abilities indicated that mineral elements are powerful predictors of morphological and physiological traits. Furthermore, our results suggest that ZmHMA2/3 and ZmMOT1 are major players in the natural genetic variation of Cd and Mo concentrations and contents of maize shoots, respectively. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.This work presents a sensitive and rapid analytical method for the determination of oxcarbazepine in human plasma and urine samples. A vortex-assisted switchable hydrophilicity solvent-based liquid phase microextraction (VA-SHS-LPME) was used to preconcentrate oxcarbazepine from the samples before the determination by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The switchable hydrophilicity solvent was synthesized by protonating N,N-dimethylbenzylamine with carbon dioxide to make it totally miscible with an equivalent volume of water. Parameters of the VA-SHS-LPME method including volume of switchable hydrophilicity solvent, concentration/volume of sodium hydroxide and vortex period were systematically optimized. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity ranging from 27.03 to 353.47 μg/kg was obtained for the analyte. Limit of detection and quantitation values were found to be 6.2 and 21 μg/kg (mass base), respectively. The relative standard deviation was calculated as 6.9% for six replicate measurements of the lowest concentration of the calibration plot. Satisfactory recovery results were calculated in the range of 97-100% for human plasma and urine samples spiked at five different concentrations.Terpenoids are the main components of stingless bee propolis, their biological activities have not been fully quantified and investigated. In this study, the single-factor design and response surface methodology were applied to optimize the terpenoids extraction process in Heterotrigona itama (also called H. itama) propolis. Furthermore, the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of terpenoid-rich extract were evaluated. The results showed with 95% ethanol/5% water, a material-liquid extraction yield of 130 g/ml, and extraction 72 hr for three extractions, the highest terpenoids content in H. itama propolis of 46.44 ± 0.07%. The H. selleck itama propolis terpenoid-rich extract showed relative low antioxidant effect but inhibited inflammatory response by decreasing the inflammatory mediators iNOS, IL-1β, IL-10, and increasing the antioxidant mediators HO-1. This study provided experimental parameters for the terpenoids optimal extraction from H. itama propolis and revealed their strong anti-inflammatory activity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS H. itama stingless propolis is a newly founded stingless bee propolis type recently. H. itama stingless propolis has abundant terpenoids, however, scant information were provided regarding its extraction optimization. In this study, we investigated and obtained the optimal extract parameters of terpenoids in H. itama propolis，and demonstrated their strong anti-inflammatory activities; however, their antioxidant activities are relatively low. This study provided theoretical basis for the usage of H. itama stingless propolis in industry.