Toppbank4057

Machine learning methods have proved to be useful for the recognition of patterns in statistical data. The measurement outcomes are intrinsically random in quantum physics, however, they do have a pattern when the measurements are performed successively on an open quantum system. This pattern is due to the system-environment interaction and contains information about the relaxation rates as well as non-Markovian memory effects. Here we develop a method to extract the information about the unknown environment from a series of projective single-shot measurements on the system (without resorting to the process tomography). The method is based on embedding the non-Markovian system dynamics into a Markovian dynamics of the system and the effective reservoir of finite dimension. The generator of Markovian embedding is learned by the maximum likelihood estimation. We verify the method by comparing its prediction with an exactly solvable non-Markovian dynamics. The developed algorithm to learn unknown quantum environments enables one to efficiently control and manipulate quantum systems.We study the three-body scattering hypervolume D of atoms whose scattering length a is on the order of or smaller than the typical range r_vdW of the van der Waals attraction. We find that the real part of D behaves universally in this weakly interacting regime (|a|/r_vdW≲1) in the absence of trimer resonances. This universality originates from hard-spherelike collisions that dominate elastic three-body scattering. We use this result to make quantitative predictions for the thermodynamics and elementary excitations of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in the vicinity of a quantum tricritical point, including quantum droplets stabilized by effective three-body interactions.We give a geometric interpretation of color-kinematics duality between tree-level scattering amplitudes of gauge and gravity theories. Using their representation as intersection numbers we show how to obtain Bern-Carrasco-Johansson numerators in a constructive way as residues around boundaries of the moduli space. In this language the kinematic Jacobi identity between each triple of numerators is a residue theorem in disguise.We investigate the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate interacting with two noninterfering and counterpropagating modes of a ring resonator. CRT-0105446 order Superfluid, supersolid, and dynamic phases are identified experimentally and theoretically. The supersolid phase is obtained for sufficiently equal pump strengths for the two modes. In this regime we observe the emergence of a steady state with crystalline order, which spontaneously breaks the continuous translational symmetry of the system. The supersolidity of this state is demonstrated by the conservation of global phase coherence at the superfluid to supersolid phase transition. Above a critical pump asymmetry the system evolves into a dynamic runaway instability commonly known as collective atomic recoil lasing. We present a phase diagram and characterize the individual phases by comparing theoretical predictions with experimental observations.We report observation of electric field driven conductivity with negative differential conductance and resistive switching in insulating SrTiO_3 samples over a wide range of applied voltages at low temperatures. The observed current follows I=I_0exp[-(E^*/E)^1/2] at large applied electric field, corresponding to variable range hopping conduction with a Coulomb gap in domain walls. Our data are sufficient to discriminate unambiguously between Shklovskii and Mott hopping via their different electric field exponent. Under some conditions space-charge-limited currents are observed, and the charge mobility limit is determined to be in the range of 17 and 210  cm^2/Vs.Neutrinos produced in the hot and dense interior of the next galactic supernova would be visible at dark matter experiments in coherent elastic nuclear recoils. While studies on this channel have focused on successful core-collapse supernovae, a thermonuclear (type Ia) explosion, or a core collapse that fails to explode and forms a black hole, are as likely to occur as the next galactic supernova event. I show that generation-3 noble liquid-based dark matter experiments such as darwin and argo, operating at sub-keV thresholds with ionization-only signals, would distinguish between (a) leading hypotheses of type Ia explosion mechanisms by detecting an O(1)  s burst of O(1)  MeV neutrinos, and (b) progenitor models of failed supernovae by detecting an O(1)  s burst of O(10)  MeV neutrinos, especially by marking the instant of black hole formation from abrupt stoppage of neutrino detection. This detection is sensitive to all neutrino flavors and insensitive to neutrino oscillations, thereby making measurements complementary to neutrino experiments.This corrects the article DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.166101.We study the phase diagram of a one-dimensional version of the Kitaev spin-1/2 model with an extra "Γ term," using analytical, density matrix renormalization group and exact diagonalization methods. Two intriguing phases are found. In the gapless phase, although the exact symmetry group of the system is discrete, the low energy theory is described by an emergent SU(2)_1 Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) model. On the other hand, the spin-spin correlation functions exhibit SU(2) breaking prefactors, even though the exponents and the logarithmic corrections are consistent with the SU(2)_1 predictions. A modified non-Abelian bosonization formula is proposed to capture such exotic emergent "partial" SU(2) symmetry. In the ordered phase, there is numerical evidence for an O_h→D_4 spontaneous symmetry breaking.We report an ingenious mechanism to obtain robust optical pulling force by a single plane wave via engineering the topology of light momentum in the background. The underlying physics is found to be the topological transition of the light momentum from a usual convex shape to a starlike concave shape in the carefully designed background, such as a photonic crystal structure. The principle and results reported here shed insightful concepts concerning optical pulling, and pave the way for a new class of advanced optical manipulation technique, with potential applications of drug delivery and cell sorting.