Timmschmidt4297

r size (5.5 ± 2.5 v. 4.0 ± 2.78) of all dual-sired breedings were greater (P less then 0.05) compared to previous single-sired breedings (controls) respectively. This study demonstrates that offspring of mixed parentage derived from dual-sired breedings may be achieved. Furthermore, insemination with semen from two different sires may increase the whelping rate and litter size, which is an important consideration when using genetically valuable, or older individuals with potentially reduced fertility.Exposure to a traumatic event is concurrently and prospectively associated with disordered-eating behaviors such as binge eating, restricting, and purging. Specifically, purging has been found to be elevated in individuals with trauma histories, suggesting that purging may be a method for coping with trauma-related distress. However, there has been limited research investigating whether the time at which trauma occurs during development is differentially associated with disordered-eating behaviors and internalizing psychopathology. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of trauma that occurred in childhood, adulthood, or childhood and adulthood on eating disorder (ED) and internalizing psychopathology. Participants were community-recruited adults with a current DSM-5 ED (N = 225) and were subsequently grouped into categories based on the time at which trauma occurred. Groups included no trauma exposure ED controls (n = 54), child trauma group (n = 53), adult trauma group (n = 53), and child+adult trauma group (n = 65). We compared groups on their level of disordered-eating symptoms. Participants were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI), and the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms-II (IDAS-II). Univariate analyses revealed significantly higher levels of purging symptomatology in the child+adult trauma group compared to the no trauma, child trauma, and adult trauma groups. The current study highlights the importance of assessing the timing of trauma among individuals with EDs. click here In particular, our study indicates a need for further investigation to explain why individuals with ED and trauma histories engage in greater purging.

To investigate the association between alcohol consumption and incidence of sleep disorder.

PubMed, EMBASE and OVID were searched systematically until March 2020 for cohort studies quantitatively investigating the effect of alcohol on incident sleep disorder. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis to calculate the summary ORs (odds ratios) and 95 %CIs (confidence intervals) on the incidence of sleep disorder in relation to alcohol consumption.

The pooled analysis of eleven included cohort studies demonstrated that general drinking was significantly associated with incidence of sleep disorder (OR1.37, 95 %CI1.22,1.54,I² = 0.0 %) while heavy drinking was not (OR1.22, 95 %CI0.94,1.60, I² = 81.1 %). (general drinking (women <24 g/day; men <48 g/day; < 4 times/week), heavy drinking (women ≥24 g/day; men ≥48 g/day; ≥ 4times/week)).

Findings from the present systematic review and meta-analyses showed that there was no evidence that alcohol consumption diminished sleep problems, and some evidence that general drinking might increase the sleep problems, but further study is necessary.

Findings from the present systematic review and meta-analyses showed that there was no evidence that alcohol consumption diminished sleep problems, and some evidence that general drinking might increase the sleep problems, but further study is necessary.

Opioid prescribing guidelines recommend reducing or discontinuing opioids for chronic pain if harms of opioid treatment outweigh benefits. As opioid discontinuation becomes more prevalent, it is important to understand whether opioid discontinuation is associated with heroin use. In this study, we sought to assess the association between opioid discontinuation and heroin use documented in the medical record.

A matched nested case-control study was conducted in an integrated health plan and delivery system in Colorado. Patients receiving opioid therapy in the study period (January 2006-June 2018) were included. Opioid discontinuation was defined as ≥45 days with no opioids dispensed after initiating opioid therapy. The heroin use onset date represented the index date. Case patients were matched to up to 20 randomly selected patients without heroin use (control patients) by age, sex, calendar time, and time between initiating opioid therapy and the index date. Conditional logistic regression models estimated matched odds ratios (mOR) for the association between an opioid discontinuation prior to the index date and heroin use.

Among 22,962 patients prescribed opioid therapy, 125 patients (0.54%) used heroin after initiating opioid therapy, of which 74 met criteria for inclusion in the analysis. The odds of opioid discontinuation were approximately two times higher in case patients (n = 74) than control patients (n = 1045; mOR = 2.19; 95% CI 1.27-3.78).

Among patients prescribed chronic opioid therapy, the observed increased risk for heroin use associated with opioid discontinuation should be balanced with potential benefits.

Among patients prescribed chronic opioid therapy, the observed increased risk for heroin use associated with opioid discontinuation should be balanced with potential benefits.Inter-basin water transfers are intended to have a positive impact on the development of a region, but are always accompanied by huge energy consumption. The feasibility and effectiveness of water transfer projects have not yet been clearly evaluated, especially in the light of their energy consumption and effects on social development. This paper develops a method that combines life cycle approach and system dynamic model to reveal the effectiveness of different water supply alternatives (transferred water, reclaimed wastewater and rainwater harvesting) when they are all constrained to consume equal energy. This approach is applied to the case of Jinan city in Shandong province, China, the main water-receiving city on the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (ER-SNWTP). The results show that in normal years, Jinan's reclaimed water and rainwater harvesting supply are effective replacements for transferred water under the constraints of equal energy consumption and capital costs; even in dry years these two alternatives still play an important role. The results of this study indicate the relative effectiveness of reclaimed water and rainwater harvesting in supplying urban water while conserving energy and capital.Composting is a microbiological process that converts organic waste into organic soil amendment. We reveal enhanced biodiversity and microbial population with subsequent enhancement of composting efficiency of lignocellulosic waste using thermoacidophilic effective microorganisms (tEM). Composting with tEM + shading (tEMA) or tEM without shading (tEMB) increased the average microbial population by 12.0% or 6.7%, respectively compared to non-tEM composting without shading/control (C). The biodiversity in tEMA or tEMB treated groups was increased by 34.7% or 43.7%, respectively, compared to C. The highest increase in population (31.7% and 9.4%) and diversity (91.2% and 91.6%) were observed in tEMA and tEMB at 30 d, respectively. Regarding microbial structure, the most dominant phylum shifted from Proteobacteria to Bacteroidetes during composting. From 60 to 120 d, tEM notably improved the average abundance of Firmicutes (mainly Bacillus) by 166.7% and 75.8% in tEMA and tEMB groups, respectively. The overall gradation rate of large compost granules ( less then 2 mm) increased by 36.4% and 24.7%, following tEMA and tEMB treatment, respectively. The average rate of increase in bulk density was 42.6% or 33.3% by tEMA or tEMB, respectively, compared to C. We reveal the major differences in microbial structure, including a higher abundance of beneficial microbes like Bacillus in tEM treated composts. The study revealed that tEM could improve biodiversity and population of microbes, especially during thermophilic phase (above 45 °C), with a subsequent increase in composting rate, mineralization, and product quality. The results of this study are particularly invaluable in the areas of environmental conservation and organic agriculture.New Zealand's public insurer for natural hazards, the Earthquake Commission (EQC), provides residential insurance for some weather-related damage. Climate change and the expected increase in intensity and frequency of extreme weather-related events are likely to translate into higher damages and thus an additional financial liability for the EQC. We project future insured damages from extreme precipitation events associated with future projected climatic change. We first estimate the empirical relationship between extreme precipitation events and the EQC's weather-related insurance claims based on a complete dataset of all claims from 2000 to 2017. We then use this estimated relationship, together with climate projections based on future greenhouse gases concentration scenarios from six different dynamically downscaled Regional Climate Models, to predict the impact of future extreme precipitation events on EQC liabilities for different time horizons up to the year 2100. Our results show predicted adverse impacts that vary over time and space. The percent change between projected and past damages-the climate change signal-ranges between an increase of 7%-8% in liabilities for the period 2020 to 2040, and between 9% and 25% higher for the period 2080 to 2100. We also provide detail caveats as towhy these quantities might be mis-estimated. The projected increase in the public insurer's liabilities could also be used to inform private insurers, regulators, and policymakers who are assessing the future performance of both the public and private insurers that cover weatherrelated.The occurrence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) was investigated in 48 drinking water systems across Croatia. Eleven DBPs were studied chlorite (ClO2-), chlorate (ClO3-), four trihalomethanes (THMs), and five haloacetic acids (HAAs). Furthermore, an intensive sampling program was conducted in the distribution system in the city of Zagreb where, aside from DBP analyses, natural organic matter (NOM) was characterized using fluorescence spectroscopy. In the drinking waters examined across Croatia, DBP values were found in the range from 0.7 μg/L to 32.8 μg/L for THMs, below LOQ to 17.2 μg/L for HAAs (primarily di- and trichloroacetic acids), below LOQ to 720 μg/L for ClO2- and below LOQ to 431 μg/L for ClO3-. The results obtained showed higher chlorite concentrations in the systems treated with hypochlorite compared to systems treated with chlorine dioxide. DBPs in the Zagreb distribution network were generally low (the average values were below 6 μg/L and 2 μg/L for total THM and total HAA respectively). In contrast to our observations throughout Croatia, dibromoacetic acid (DBAA) was found to be the predominant HAA within Zagreb, most likely due to the degradation of chlorinated carboxylates (di-/tri-chloroacetic) in the network. Characterization of NOM by Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) fluorescence spectroscopy across the Zagreb network showed distinct temporal variations arising from groundwater inputs, as evident from variable humic-, tyrosine-, and tryptophan-like peaks. Statistical correlations between fluorescence data and DBPs highlight its potential for monitoring the presence of DBPs in distribution networks.