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Anaemia in pregnancy is a serious public health problem in south of Tanzania. We recommend strengthening measures to prevent anaemia in pregnant and women of reproductive age in the study area.Improving the sexual and reproductive health of young women allows them to reap the personal, social and economic benefits through making informed decisions on their health. Restrictions on the sexual and reproductive health rights of young women are discriminatory because they relegate women to a state of being less valuable than their male counterparts. This study explore s the obstacles that women face in asserting their reproductive health rights in Zimbabwe. For this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data, which was analysed using narrative analysis techniques. The study found that polygamy and wife inheritance were among the challenges women faced that kept them from exercising their reproductive rights. Other forms of gender inequality also reduces the autonomy of women. Gender norms have an effect on the health seeking behaviour of women within the sexual and reproductive health ambit.Nigeria has one of the lowest adolescents family planning uptake in sub-Saharan Africa. Previous studies show that a high age of consent is a significant predictor. Little evidence exists about the contexts and persistence of the high age of consent for accessing family planning in Nigeria. Hence, this study used a qualitative methodology to explore the contexts, persistence and implications of high age of consent for accessing family planning in Lagos State. Forty-four in-depth interviews and 31 key-informant interviews were conducted in two Local Government Areas. NVIVO 12 plus was used to analyse data. The results suggest that contexts consisted of health and moral concerns, religious opposition and negative attitudes, which were underlying the persistence of high age of consent for accessing family planning. The contexts formed the basis for the exclusion of adolescents from family planning services. Consequently, sexually active adolescents adopted local herbs, a combination of different medicines, concoctions and local alcoholic drink (ogogoro) to prevent or abort pregnancies. Therefore, community-based NGOs should engage communities to promote perception change about adolescents accessing family planning and motivate the communities to begin to demand of their representatives in government a policy to lower age of consent for accessing family planning.South Africa houses 30% of sub-Saharan Africa's burden of HIV/AIDS, estimated at 25.7 million cases. To increase awareness among the population and encourage a behavioural change to stem its transmission, several HIV media communication programmes (HCP) have been instituted in the country. Findings on the efficacy of these programmes on HIV transmission risk behaviour have however been divergent. Using the Third National Communications Survey (NCS) in South Africa, this study investigates how exposure to HCP has affected condom use and multiple sexual partnership (MSP) among 2,247 sexually active South African youths aged 16-24. Analysis was done at univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels using Stata statistical software. Results show that 89.7% of the respondents were exposed to at least one form of HCP, 62.2% had low knowledge of HIV transmission, 48.9% used condoms while 12.6% engaged in MSP. Although HCP was associated with increased odds of condom use only among youths with low exposure, it had no statistically significant effect among youths with higher exposure and on MSP. selleck kinase inhibitor As HCP exerts no influence on HIV risk behaviour among the studied cohort, tailor-made programmes focusing on the sociodemographic confounders of the behaviour might make HCP more effective.The objectives of the study were to describe the level of self-efficacy and its relationship with resilience among women living with HIV in Niger State, Nigeria. Self-efficacy is an important predictor of treatment outcomes among people living with HIV. Using a systematic random sampling technique, 676 participants completed adherence self-efficacy and resilience measures from three selected hospitals in Niger State. The result showed high levels of self-efficacy among the participants, linear relationships between perceived stress and resilience (-.601), perceived stress and self-efficacy integration (-.504), perceived stress and self- efficacy perseverance (-.220), resilience and self-efficacy integration (.667) and resilience and self-efficacy perseverance (.377). Hierarchical multiple linear regression indicated that 48.3% of the variance in resilience was explained by the two sub -scales of self-efficacy (p = less then .001). Also, 26% (p = less then .001) of the variance in perceived stress was explained by the two subscales of the self-efficacy. It is concluded that self-efficacy is a significant predictor of resilience and perceived stress among women living with HIV in Niger State, Nigeria.This paper assessed the effect of visits by Community Health Workers (CHW) in the prior 12 months on modern contraceptive use at the time of the survey using a national sample of women residing in rural communities in Nigeria. Cross-sectional data from 5072 rural women ages 15-49 years interviewed in the PMA2020 Survey in 6 states in Nigeria in 2018 were used. Descriptive analysis and generalized linear models were conducted in Stata 15.1 and average marginal effects calculated. Overall prevalence of modern contraceptive use was 14.8% (95% CI 12.7%, 17.3%), varying from 2.1% in Kano to 22.7% in Nasarawa. Ten percent of women reported that they were visited by a community health worker in the 12-month period preceding the survey, ranging from 2.9% in Kano to 14.6% in Nasarawa. Women visited by a CHW had 50% higher odds of reporting modern contraceptive use, and these visits raised the probability of modern contraceptive use by an average of 6.4 percentage points overall. Local governments in rural Nigeria should invest in training, deploying and supervising CHWs in the provision of modern contraception through home visits to women who may otherwise have limited access to improve use.