Thomassenmclean8057

It is considered that implementation of the biopsychosocial model (BPSM) within physiotherapy is affected by its lack of conceptual clarity. This concept analysis explores the meaning and offers conceptual transparency to the BPSM and expands upon its current conceptual framework for practice. Method Literature was selected through a systematic search. The studies were analyzed and the data themed following thematic analysis. Results From the seventeen articles included, five master themes and four subthemes were constructed. The master themes were 1) 'Bio-medical factors'; 2) 'Psychological factors'; 3) 'Social factors'; 4) 'Communication'; and 5) 'Individualized Care'. The subthemes were 1) 'Education'; 2) 'Cognitive'; 3) 'Behavioral factors'; 4) 'Occupational factors'; and 5) 'Therapeutic Alliance'. Conclusion A contemporary visual representation of the BPSM is presented which represents a holistic, humanist perspective. 'Communication' scaffolds the framework and supports the exploration of the person's lifeworld through the 'therapeutic alliance'.Objective To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes following cesarean delivery during second stage of labor, according to the fetal extraction method.Methods A retrospective cohort study of all women who underwent term cesarean delivery during the second stage of labor at a university-affiliated tertiary medical center (2012-2016). The cohort was divided according to three extraction methods standard vertex extraction, the push method in which the head extraction is accompanied by pushing through the vagina, and the reverse breech extraction method. Primary outcomes were intraoperative maternal complications, and secondary outcomes were neonatal adverse events.Results Three hundred and fifty women were included, of whom 206 (59%) underwent standard vertex fetal extraction, 116 (33%) the push method extraction, and 28 (8%) reverse breech extraction. Operation time was significantly shorter in the standard vertex extraction method compared to push and reverse breech extraction methods (33.5 vs. 40.5 and 39.0 min, respectively, p = .013). Uterine laceration and incision extension frequencies were lower in the vertex extraction method as well (24.76 vs. RG-4733 45.69-46.40% in others, p less then .001). Delivery related neonatal injury was significantly more frequent in the reverse breech extraction method (39.29 vs. 12-15% in others, p less then .001). In a multivariate analysis reverse breech extraction was associated with higher rates of uterine laceration and incision extension (OR = 2.739 95% confidence interval 1.44-6.56, p = .0237) and delivery related neonatal injury (OR = 2.837, 95% CI 1.081-7.448, p = .0342).Conclusion Standard vertex extraction method during second stage of labor cesarean delivery is safer both to the mother and neonate when compared to alternative extraction methods.Abbreviations NRFHR non-reassuring fetal heart rate; NICU neonatal intensive care unit.Background Environmental interactions are very complex in childhood asthma, and we hypothesized that even a short-term exposure to an allergy safe outdoor environment (AllSOE) combined with pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) could exert significant beneficial effects. Our aim was to test the effects of 2-week PRP provided in an AllSOE in children with mild to moderate asthma.Methods 110 children (aged 7.5-17 years, 46% girls), with partially or totally controlled asthma, attended the PRP at the Island of Lošinj (Croatia) supervised by a multidisciplinary team (pediatric pulmonologist, sports medicine specialist, physiotherapist and kinesiologist). Each child had an adjusted intensity of physical activity with at least 2 h of exercise per day. Body height and weight, spirometry, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), running distance during free running test (FRT) and the decline in lung function after FRT (exercise-induced bronchoconstriction- EIB) were measured at baseline and after PRP.Results A significant improvement in running distance (from 903 ± 272 m to 968 ± 289 m; p less then 0.001), a decrease of FeNO (from 37 ± 32 ppb to 25 ± 17 ppb; p less then 0.001) were determined after PRP. There were no significant changes in lung function and EIB, except EIB in the fourth quartile (significant EIB at baseline) where EIB significantly decreased (p less then 0.001) after PRP.Conclusion Two weeks of PRP in an AllSOE significantly improved exercise capacity and reduced airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity showing that even a short-term PRP within a proper environment could be effective and affordable management strategy for children and adolescents with mild to moderate asthma.Research shows how racism can negatively affect access to health care and treatment. However, limited theoretical research exists on conceptualizing racism in health care. In this article, we use structural violence as a theoretical tool to understand how racism as an institutionalized social structure is enacted in subtle ways and how the "violence" built into forms of social organization is rendered invisible through repetition and routinization. We draw on interviews with health care users from three European countries, namely, Sweden, Germany, and Portugal to demonstrate how two interrelated processes of unequal access to resources and inequalities in power can lead to the silencing of suffering and erosion of dignity, respectively. The strength of this article lies in illuminating the mechanisms of subtle racism that damages individuals and leads to loss of trust in health care. It is imperative to address these issues to ensure a responsive and equal health care for all users.The reverse osmosis (RO) process has been increasingly applied to landfill leachate treatment. The published literature reports several studies that investigated the technical feasibility of RO. However, information about process costs is scarce. Also, companies that run leachate treatment plants do not provide actual costs. To fill this gap, this study aimed to evaluate the treatment costs of a full-scale RO for the treatment of landfill leachate located in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. A procedure was proposed to estimate the capital expenses (CAPEX), operational expenses (OPEX), and specific total treatment cost, the total cost per m3 of treated leachate, of the leachate treatment by membrane process, and the results obtained are discussed. The CAPEX for this full-scale RO was estimated at MUS$ 1.413, and OPEX ranged from US$ 0.132 to US$ 0.265 m-3 per year. The cost of leachate treatment has been estimated at US$ 8.58 m-3 considering the operation of the RO-unit for 20 years after landfill closure.