Templetonhutchison9224

There are many drivers to intensify the manufacturing of vaccines. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has only added to them. Since the pandemic began, we are seeing an acceleration of vaccine development and approval, including application of novel prophylactic vaccine modalities. We have also seen an increase in the appreciation and general understanding of what had been a somewhat obscure discipline. Elsubrutinib mw Concurrently, there has been great interest in the application of new understandings and technology to the intensification of biopharmaceutical processes in general. The marriage of these developments defines the field of vaccine manufacturing process intensification. Difficulties in its implementation include the many disparate vaccine types- from conjugate to hybrid to nucleic-acid based. Then, there are the respective and developing manufacturing methods, modes, and platforms- from fermentation of transformed bacteria to the bioreactor culture of recombinant animal cells to production of virus-like particles in transgenic plants. Advances are occurring throughout the biomanufacturing arena, from process development (PD) techniques to manufacturing platforms, materials, equipment, and facilities. Bioprocess intensification refers to systems for producing more product per cell, time, volume, footprint, or cost. The need for vaccine manufacturing process intensification is being driven by desires for cost control, process efficiency, and the heightened pressures of pandemic response. We are seeing great interest in the power of such disciplines as synthetic biology, process simplification, continuous bioprocessing, and digital techniques in the optimization of vaccine PD and manufacturing. Other powerful disciplines here include process automation, improved monitoring, optimized culture materials, and facility design. The intent of this short commentary is to provide a brief review, and a few examples of the exciting advances in the equipment, technology and processes supporting this activity.Paraproteinaemic neuropathies comprise a heterogeneous group of neuro-haematological conditions with some distinct neurological, haematological and systemic phenotypes. The spectrum of disease varies from mild to severe, indolent to rapidly progressive and from small fibre sensory involvement to dramatic sensorimotor deficits. The haematological association may be overlooked, resulting in delayed treatment, disability, impaired quality of life and increased mortality. However, the presence of an irrelevant benign paraprotein can sometimes lead to inappropriate treatment. In this review, we outline our practical approach to paraproteinaemic disorders, discuss the utility and limitations of diagnostic tests and the distinctive clinical phenotypes and touch on the complex multidisciplinary management approaches.

Lung cancer has a poor prognosis that varies internationally when assessed by the two major histological subgroups (non-small cell (NSCLC) and small cell (SCLC)).

236 114 NSCLC and 43 167 SCLC cases diagnosed during 2010-2014 in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway and the UK were included in the analyses. One-year and 3-year age-standardised net survival (NS) was estimated by sex, histological type, stage and country.

One-year and 3-year NS was consistently higher for Canada and Norway, and lower for the UK, New Zealand and Ireland, irrespective of stage at diagnosis. Three-year NS for NSCLC ranged from 19.7% for the UK to 27.1% for Canada for men and was consistently higher for women (25.3% in the UK; 35.0% in Canada) partly because men were diagnosed at more advanced stages. International differences in survival for NSCLC were largest for regional stage and smallest at the advanced stage. For SCLC, 3-year NS also showed a clear female advantage with the highest being for Canada (1ion practice, as well as differences in histological verification, staging and coding across jurisdictions.Changes in the distribution and abundance of invasive species can have far-reaching ecological consequences. Programs to control invaders are common but gauging the effectiveness of such programs using carefully controlled, large-scale field experiments is rare, especially at higher trophic levels. Experimental manipulations coupled with long-term demographic monitoring can reveal the mechanistic underpinnings of interspecific competition among apex predators and suggest mitigation options for invasive species. We used a large-scale before-after control-impact removal experiment to investigate the effects of an invasive competitor, the barred owl (Strix varia), on the population dynamics of an iconic old-forest native species, the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). Removal of barred owls had a strong, positive effect on survival of sympatric spotted owls and a weaker but positive effect on spotted owl dispersal and recruitment. After removals, the estimated mean annual rate of population change for spotted owls stabilized in areas with removals (0.2% decline per year), but continued to decline sharply in areas without removals (12.1% decline per year). The results demonstrated that the most substantial changes in population dynamics of northern spotted owls over the past two decades were associated with the invasion, population expansion, and subsequent removal of barred owls. Our study provides experimental evidence of the demographic consequences of competitive release, where a threatened avian predator was freed from restrictions imposed on its population dynamics with the removal of a competitively dominant invasive species.

In people with mild asthma poor adherence to regular therapy is common and increases the risk of exacerbations, morbidity and mortality. The use of fixed-dose combination inhalers containing an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and a fast-acting β

-agonist (FABA) is established in moderate asthma, but they may also have potential utility in mild asthma.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of single combined FABA/ICS inhaler only used as needed in people with mild asthma.

Cochrane meta-analysis of available trial data.

Children aged 12+ and adults with mild asthma.

We searched the Cochrane Airways Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO trials portal on 19 March 2021.

A single fixed-dose FABA/ICS inhaler used as required compared with no treatment, placebo, short-acting beta agonist (SABA) as required, regular ICS with SABA as required, regular fixed-dose combination ICS/long-acting beta agonist (LABA), or regular fixed-dose combination ICS/FABA with as required ICS/FABA.