Svendsenjohnsen7754

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of inulin (IL) and maltodextrin (MD) as matrix formers on the physical properties of drug nanocrystal-embedded microparticles (NEM) during spray-drying and storage. The redispersibility, aerodynamic performance and phase behaviour of NEM/MD and NEM/IL stored at different water activity (aw) values were evaluated. NEM with 2 g/g (relative to the weight of drug) of IL and MD exhibited the excellent performance after spray-drying. The water activity significantly influenced the redispersibility and aerodynamic performance of NEM/MD and NEM/IL. The NEM/MD presented a higher Tg at all aw values than did NEM/IL. The moisture-induced collapse of the amorphous glassy matrix of IL and MD could be responsible for the poor redispersibility and aerodynamic performance of NEM/IL and NEM/MD, respectively. The NEM/MD exhibited better aerodynamic performance at high aw (0.528) than did NEM/IL. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dtnb.html Therefore, MD could be an excellent matrix former for inhalable NEM. A facile method for the activation of γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (CD-MOF) without channel blockage and framework collapse was first developed using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), which enabled higher surface area and larger pore volume. The scCO2-assisted impregnation method was also applied to introduce the insoluble drug, honokiol (HNK), into the pores of CD-MOF with higher cargo loading compared to the conventional liquid phase incorporation in ethanol. Notably, the resulting HNK-loaded CD-MOF (HNK@CD-MOF) had improved apparent solubility and enhanced dissolution rate. The intestinal cellular uptake and transport experiments demonstrated that CD-MOF could enhance cellular uptake and increase drug transport across the intestinal epithelial cells compared to the cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Moreover, the in vivo pharmacokinetic studies further confirmed that CD-MOF could significantly improve the oral absorption and bioavailability of HNK. Overall, the scCO2 activation and scCO2-assisted impregnation approaches were demonstrated as promising strategies to maximize the potential capability of CD-MOF. Stimuli-responsive cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), which change their physicochemical properties in response to specific stimuli have recently been in the spotlight. A great deal of effort has been dedicated to developing stimuli-responsive CNMs in the past two decades. However, the majority of stimuli-responsive CNMs were achieved via the introduction of stimuli-responsive moieties rather than taking advantage of their inherent switchable hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and molecular polarization in CNMs. In this review, recent advances and future perspectives of stimuli-responsive CNMs that exploiting the inherent switchable hydrogen bonds, reversible electrostatic interactions, and tunable polarization are highlighted. The principles for designing and assembling such smart CNMs are summarized. Stimuli-responsive CNMs that are sensitive to the changes in humidity, chemical molecules, pH, pressure, and electricity represent tremendous opportunities for making advances in sensors, actuators, biomedical applications due to their sensitivity, specificity, and stability. Additionally, major challenges and future perspectives of stimuli-responsive CNMs are reported. Biomaterials that function as tissue surrogates ought to form three dimensional structures which are conducive to cell proliferation and regeneration. Since the extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of proteoglycans (long chain polysaccharides) and proteins, the combination of proteins and polysaccharides presents a logical strategy to mimic the ECM and guide cell growth and proliferation. Polysaccharides are distinctive scaffold materials for regeneration due to their biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, biodegradability and functional groups which may be modified to improve mechanical properties and cell signalling. However, modification of polysaccharides is often time consuming, and requires extensive chemical reactions. Therefore, to improve physiological signalling, tissue response and mechanical strength, polysaccharides are combined with proteins. This review will focus on naturally occurring proteins and polysaccharide combinations as well as draw attention to their specific use within the tissue engineering field. A previously undescribed polysaccharide, GMP70-1, was isolated from the rinds of Garcinia mangostana Lin. Physicochemical characterization analysis showed that GMP70-1 (absolute molecular weight 2.01 × 104 g/mol) is a multi-branched acidic heteropolysaccharide with a compact coil chain conformation in sodium chloride solution. The repeated unit of GMP70-1 was mainly composed of (1 → 5)-linked α-L-Araf, (1 → 3, 5)-linked α-L-Araf, (1 → 2, 4)-linked α-L-Rhap, (1 → 4)-linked β-D-Galp, terminating with t-α-L-Araf, t-α-D-GalpA, and t-β-D-Galp. To explore the medicinal potential responsible for the bioactivity of G. mangostana, an immunomodulatory assay was performed. The in vitro cell test showed that GMP70-1 possessed a prominent immunoregulatory activity by enhancing the phagocytic uptake of neutral red and promoting the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β of macrophages. Furthermore, an in vivo zebrafish evaluation revealed that the production of ROS and NO was significantly increased after treated with GMP70-1. As commonly-used packaging material, paper has very poor moisture barrier properties, which are essential for maintaining physical and mechanical performance of paper as well as the shelf life of the packed goods. Herein, solutions of the synthesized cellulose stearoyl ester (CSE) compound were coated onto the calendered paper sheets by bar coater with the coating grammage ranging from 0.5-23.6 g m-2. When the coating grammage was 5.2 g m-2, the paper surface was totally covered by the CSE film with very low surface roughness (2.327 nm). The resulting CSE-coated papers from this coating grammage showed decreased tensile index and increased elongation at break, indicating the flexibility of the coated papers. Furthermore, the coated paper sheets were hydrophobic and displayed competitive water vapor barrier properties with the barrier ratio up to 90 %. Thereby, the designed CSE-coated paper sheets are promising for moisture barrier packaging application.