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Developing high-efficiency and low-cost oxygen-evolving electrodes in anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis technology is one of the major challenges. Herein, it is demonstrated that the surface corrosion of a conventional Ni foam electrode in the presence of Fe3+ and V3+ cations can transform it into an electrode with a high catalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The corroded electrode consists of a ternary NiFeV layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheet array supported on the Ni foam surface. This NiFeV LDH electrode achieves an OER current density of 100 mA cm-2 at an overpotential of 272 mV in 1 m KOH, outperforming the IrO2 catalyst by 180 mV. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the unique structure and the presence of vanadium in NiFeV LDH play a key role in achieving improved OER activity. When coupled with a commercial Pt/C cathode catalyst, the resulting AEM water electrolyzer achieves a cell current density as high as 2.1 A cm-2 at a voltage of only 1.8 Vcell in 1 m KOH, which is similar to the performance of the proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer obtained from the IrO2 and Pt/C catalysts pair.Herein, a collaborative precise antibacterial wound healing therapy nanoplatform integrating drug-food homologous bioactive molecule (cinnamaldehyde, CA) with photothermal therapy (PTT) is presented. Copper-gallic acids-cinnamaldehyde-polydopamine nanorods (Cu-GA-CA-PDA NRs) with near-infrared light (NIR)-controlled CA release property are fabricated, which also integrate CA and photothermal synergistic sterilization, as well as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infection capacities. The characteristics of NIR-mediated CA release and photothermal response of Cu-GA-CA-PDA NRs support their excellent sterilization performance in vitro/in vivo. In addition, under the guidance of NIR, Cu-GA-CA-PDA NRs can hinder the formation of inflammatory cells, reduce oxidative stress damage, accelerate the regeneration of skin tissues in S. aureus-infected wound sites, and achieve the goal of promoting wound healing. Therefore, NIR-mediated Cu-GA-CA-PDA NRs with multifunctional biological activities provide a highly competitive strategy for curing bacteria-infected wounds.Precise and efficient delivery of nanomedicine to the target site has remained as a major roadblock in advanced cancer treatment. selleck compound Here, a novel photoacoustic force (PAF)-guided nanotherapeutic system is reported based on a near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing semiconducting polymer (SP), showing significantly improved tumor accumulation and deep tissue penetration for enhanced phototherapeutic efficacy. The accumulation of nanoparticles in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice induced by the PAF strategy displays a fivefold enhancement in comparison with that of the traditional passive targeting pathway, in a significantly shortened time (45 min vs 24 h) with an enhanced penetration depth in tumors. Additionally, a tumor-bearing mouse model is rationally designed to unveil the mechanism, indicating that the nanoparticles enter solid tumors through enhanced transportation across blood vessel barriers via both inter-endothelial gaps and active trans-endothelial pathways. This process is specifically driven by PAF generated from the nanoparticles under NIR laser irradiation. The study thus demonstrates a new nanotherapeutic strategy with low dose, enhanced delivery efficiency in tumor, and boosted therapeutic efficacy, opening new doors for designing novel nanocarriers.Environmental and host-associated microbial communities are complex ecosystems, of which many members are still unknown. Hence, it is challenging to study community dynamics and important to create model systems of reduced complexity that mimic major community functions. Therefore, we developed MiMiC, a computational approach for data-driven design of simplified communities from shotgun metagenomes. We first built a comprehensive database of species-level bacterial and archaeal genomes (n = 22 627) consisting of binary (presence/absence) vectors of protein families (Pfam = 17 929). MiMiC predicts the composition of minimal consortia using an iterative scoring system based on maximal match-to-mismatch ratios between this database and the Pfam binary vector of any input metagenome. Pfam vectorization retained enough resolution to distinguish metagenomic profiles between six environmental and host-derived microbial communities (n = 937). The calculated number of species per minimal community ranged between 5 and 11, with MiMiC selected communities better recapitulating the functional repertoire of the original samples than randomly selected species. The inferred minimal communities retained habitat-specific features and were substantially different from communities consisting of most abundant members. The use of a mixture of known microbes revealed the ability to select 23 of 25 target species from the entire genome database. MiMiC is open source and available at https//github.com/ClavelLab/MiMiC.

Standard-dose seasonal influenza vaccines often produce modest immunogenic responses in adults ≥65years old. MF59 is intended to elicit a greater magnitude and increased breadth of immune response.

To determine the effectiveness of seasonal MF59-adjuvanted trivalent/quadrivalent influenza vaccine (aTIV/aQIV) relative to no vaccination or vaccination with standard or high-dose egg-based influenza vaccines among people ≥65years old.

Cochrane methodological standards and PRISMA-P guidelines were followed. Real-world evidence from non-interventional studies published in peer-reviewed journals and gray literature from 1997 through to July 15, 2020, including cluster-randomized trials, were eligible. Two reviewers independently extracted data; risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool.

Twenty-one studies conducted during the 2006/07-2019/20 influenza seasons were included in the qualitative review; 16 in the meta-analyses. Meta-analysis of test-negative studies found that aTIV reduced medical encounters due to lab-confirmed influenza with pooled estimates of 40.7% (95% CI 21.9, 54.9; I

=0%) for non-emergency outpatient visits and 58.5% (40.7, 70.9; I

=52.9%) for hospitalized patients. The pooled estimate of VE from case-control studies was 51.3% (39.1, 61.1; I

=0%) against influenza- or pneumonia-related hospitalization. The pooled estimates for the relative VE of aTIV for the prevention of influenza-related medical encounters were 13.9% (4.2, 23.5; I

=95.9%) compared with TIV, 13.7% (3.1, 24.2; I

=98.8%) compared with QIV, and 2.8% (-2.9, 8.5; I

=94.5%) compared with HD-TIV.

Among adults ≥65years, aTIV demonstrated significant absolute VE, improved relative VE compared to non-adjuvanted standard-dose TIV/QIV, and comparable relative VE to high-dose TIV.

Among adults ≥65 years, aTIV demonstrated significant absolute VE, improved relative VE compared to non-adjuvanted standard-dose TIV/QIV, and comparable relative VE to high-dose TIV.